It has been determined that in the production of narrow woven fabrics, artificial fibers are used to a large extent, and cotton stands out among natural fibers due to its structural properties. In narrow weaving areas such as cotton yarn, medical (wraps, plasters), clothing (inner and outer wear), shoes, belts and bags, and home textiles, packages and packaging, It is preferred taking into account the customer's request. Yarn made from continuous fibers is the most important raw material source of the narrow woven fabric sector. These yarns are used in the production of narrow woven fabrics, ribbons, labels, in clothing and home textiles, from decorative and complementary products to technical products.
It has been determined that polyester, polypropylene, polyamide, polyurethane (elastomeric) and polyacrylonitrile are used in narrow woven production, respectively, according to the density of the continuous fibers. It is known that other raw materials are preferred for special applications. It has been learned that the numbers used extensively in polyester yarn vary between 20 and 150 denier, and higher numbers, for example, 300 denier yarn is obtained from folded yarn when required, according to the customer's request. Nm 10/3, Nm 20/1, Nm 20/2, Nm 40/2, Nm 60/2 and Nm 80/2 are the main numbers used in cotton yarn. At the same time, it has been determined that 100% polyester, 100% cotton and polyester-cotton blend sewing thread (Nm 120) is widely used. The main numbers used in polypropylene yarn vary between 600 and 1300 denier. 30/40 denier thick and 44/50 denier thin elastomer yarns are used. In addition, it is understood from the relevant literature that high-performance polyamide (aramid), polyester and polyethylene fibers are also involved in the production of narrow woven fabrics.
Warp preparation, one of the weaving preparation processes in narrow weaving production, is generally used for single color and thick yarns. directly warp preparation method is used. Another method is in the form of a tape warp preparation. The warp is prepared directly on the weaving beam of suitable dimensions.
Narrow weaving machines eccentric, dobby or jacquard They are special machines that work with the mouth opening system. It differs from other wide-width weaving machines. One or more tapes (passes) are woven at the same time on the weaving machine and the warp of each passage is usually fed independently.
Weft insertion system can be with shuttle or needle. The shuttle system is generally used in multi-color productions. Next to each weaving passage, there is a single shuttle that feeds the weft in that belt, or more than one shuttle for multi-colored wefts. In the needle weft insertion system, for each passage, one or more weft needles carry the weft to the shed with an angled rotation movement. Narrow weaving loom generally consists of creel and main body. In the creel section, there are warp beam loom, warp thread feeding line, warp thread, tension weights, guide rods, rear reed and lamellas. Frames and wires are the main part, which includes weaving head, pre-reed, cloth winding mechanism, auxiliary yarn feeding line, weft yarn feeding line, main eccentric camshaft (drive shaft), shed mechanism and loom frame. It has been observed that weaving machines operating with eccentric shed opening and needle weft insertion system are used in all narrow weaving enterprises included in the research. These are machines with limited pattern possibilities, with up to 20 frames, usually used for simple construction knits.
The nozzle movement occurs in accordance with the shapes and arrangement of the cams attached to the lower shaft. Weft pattern is 8 at most. They are simple and strong structures with high production speed, low maintenance costs. However, it is preferable that the error rate is very low in the fabric. It is understood that the companies in Istanbul and Bursa generally use the Müller brand machine to produce ribbons, labels and special design jacquard patterns. Ledmak and Kuş narrow weaving machines follow, respectively, in small-scale enterprises. Bird and Ledmark machines are found to be very practical in terms of use by business authorities and are preferred because of their low maintenance costs and flexibility in use in line with their needs. In other words, it is possible to modify the desired additional parts for narrow weaving machines such as Kuş, Ledmak and Durmaz at low cost.
In narrow weaving production, the fabric edge that does not come off is made with the auxiliary needle system.. The selvedge knitting is carried out with a latch knitting needle with a hook. This knitting needle causes the weft yarn to form an edge with a horizontal movement in the warp direction. There are five types of needle edge methods commonly used on needle narrow weaving machines.
These methods are called Edge system-1,… Edge system-5. As a non-detachable edge weave, the assisted system is mostly used in non-elastic narrow woven fabric products, and the non-assisted system is used in elastic structured fabrics. In narrow weavings with elastic structure, it is preferred that the weft yarn forming the weaving also forms the edge knitting, so that it does not adversely affect the elasticity feature.
In the production of narrow woven fabrics, plain, twill, satin, reinforced and multi-layered weavings and their derivatives, twill and their derivatives; backdrop, twill, satin, touted and changing faced; it has been determined that knits consisting of plain and its derivatives are used in the pattern and on the edge.
Technical drawings for knitting analysis include knitting report, carding, drawing-in, dobby plan and woven weave color report and edge knitting of narrow woven fabric.
Narrow woven fabric structures according to their usage areas; agricultural narrow weavings, clothing and technical narrow weaving, home textile narrow weaving, industrial narrow weaving, medical narrow weaving, vehicle narrow weaving, package and packaging narrow weaving, protective narrow weaving and sportive narrow weaving. According to this classification, narrow weaving enterprises provide production services in different fields of activity.
History BC Narrow woven fabrics dating back to 3000 B.C. are increasing in importance today with the increasing product variety in line with the usage areas that have expanded with technological developments and designs. It appears in all areas of our lives such as agriculture, construction, technical clothing (astronaut, security, firefighter, military, etc.), home textiles, industrial textiles, medical and hygienic textiles and packaging. Besides tying, carrying and decorating; It is known that narrow woven fabric structures are used in furniture, narrow woven bands instead of metal springs, blinds or similar curtain bands, safety belts, conveyor (transport) bands, water hoses, various belts, medical bandage materials and artificial veins.
The usage areas of narrow woven fabrics are given below under the main headings:
1-Agricultural narrow fabrics (agrotech): In agricultural, horticultural and forestry products
2-Clothing narrow weaving (clothtech): Technical components for underwear and outerwear, astronaut, firefighter, security, military, clothing and footwear,
3- Home textile narrow woven fabrics (hometech): Furniture interior-exterior upholstery, home textiles,
4-Industrial narrow fabrics (indutech): filtration,
5-Medical narrow fabrics (medtech): In hygienic and medical products,
6-Narrow weavings in vehicles (mobiltech): Automotive, ships, trains and aircraft,
7- Package and Packaging narrow weaving (packtech): In packaging and transportation,
8-protective narrow fabrics ( protech): Safety straps, belts, ropes, etc. 8. Sporty tight fabrics (sportech): Sports and leisure (casual) clothing and equipment,
Agricultural Narrow Weaves (Agrotech)
They are narrow woven fabrics, also called technical textiles, which are used as fences in prohibited or protected areas such as farm animals, fields and park areas. These fabrics are tapes consisting of monofilament of metal threads and polypropylene for easy transmission of high voltages.
Clothing Narrow Weaves (Clothtech)
In the ready-to-wear and apparel sector, elastic or non-elastic narrow weavings, ribbons, extrafors and other narrow weavings are seen according to their structures. Elastic or non-elastic narrow fabrics are used in all underwear and outerwear produced to be worn day and night in order to aesthetically complement, fasten, combine, fit and decorate the neckline, armhole, waist, hem and hem of the garments. Narrow woven fabrics are very important in the sector in terms of being ergonomic, comfortable to use, aesthetic and complementary, especially in clothing. In addition, elastane is used in elastic narrow woven fabrics to provide elastic properties and elasticity. For example, head-worn bands, suspenders, boxer elastics, etc., such fabrics require more warp-length elasticity. The most commonly used stretch rate for fabrics woven with the elastic narrow weaving technique is 35-60%. Ribbons used in clothing other than elastic bands are narrow woven products with a generally bright structure used for functional or decoration purposes in clothing such as taffeta, laundry ribbon, double satin ribbon, velvet and single-layer satin ribbon.
In underwear, bra straps, underwire, body elastics, panties, waist and leg elastics, boxer elastics, suspenders and sock elastics, velcro tapes, labels and ribbons are aesthetically complementary, assembling, facilitating use (such as shirring, fitting, zippers). It is seen that it is used for the purpose of opening-closing, elasticity) and decoration.
In outerwear, tracksuit elastics and strips, trousers suspenders, toweling piping, trouser belt lining strips, zipper tapes, velcro tapes, ribbons, T-shirt and shirt collars, armholes and labels are aesthetically complete, combined, facilitating use (sleeving, size to size). seating, opening-closing as a zipper, elasticity) and decoration.
Narrow woven fabrics are used in the collar and sleeve parts of daily clothes to cover the seam appearance, to prevent stretching and to give an aesthetic appearance. In products such as cardigans, sweaters and blouses, it is used to hang on the clothes hanger in thin strips and to prevent sagging on the collar when hung, as well as as a product label.
Narrow woven fabric samples are frequently encountered in accessories used in clothing (jewelry, shoes, bags). It is seen that it is used as a necklace and ring ornament, aesthetic appearance, completing the outfit, carrying materials such as precious stones, beads, metal, using instead of chains, collecting hair in products such as hairpins, fastening, adorning and giving an aesthetic appearance.
It is also noteworthy that it is used in accessories such as bracelets, rings and belts.
In casual, sports and other bags, narrow woven fabrics were either combined with materials such as leather, fabric and knitting, or used in carrying places (hand, shoulder or back). In addition to its functions such as carrying and decorating, these products are also preferred for their comfort and ergonomics.
In addition, bags for different areas of use such as tool carrying bags (ski bags, bowling bags, diving bags, shoe bags, school bags, daily bags, backpacks, drawstring bags (military, camping ... etc.), travel bags, nutrition Narrow woven fabric samples are encountered in many areas such as bags, suitcases), sports bags, camera bags (camera strap, camera neck strap, camera wrist strap, camera bag (pouch) strap) and laptop bag strap.
It is used in various functions such as shoelaces, mesh elastics, slipper strips and elastics, sandal straps, shoe straps, boot straps, velcro fastening, wrapping the foot, closure and decoration. It is seen that narrow woven fabrics are preferred as a complementary element to the outfit, especially in fancy shoes and ballerina shoes.
Home Textile Narrow Woven (Hometech)
Furniture interior and exterior upholstery, home textiles, floor coverings and other home textiles are examples of narrow woven fabrics.
For furniture; Flexible, high tensile strength products are used for the sitting and back areas of armchairs and sofas in different widths, such as elastic column, edge roving, piping, stretching strip. These products provide both cost savings in production and comfort for the user.
Narrow weavings used in home textiles; curtain shirring strips are used for curtains such as extraforward, velcro tape, ribbon, upholstery rovings, blind tape, bed strips and cords, especially in the joints, edges and whole of the products such as decoration, edge closing, joining, binding, carrying, fixing, shaping and use. used for comfort.
Bed roving is used in mattress production to cover seams or to perform edge cleaning for aesthetic appearance. It is seen that narrow woven fabric structures such as ribbons (satin, velvet, jacquard patterned ribbons and their varieties), extraforward, elastic narrow weaving and velcro tapes are used in almost all products in home textiles for functions such as embellishing, joining, binding, and shirring.
Industrial Narrow Fabrics (Indutech)
Narrow woven fabrics are used in products such as high performance, technical narrow woven fabrics used in aviation, antistatic and fireproof belts, interior decoration materials, parachute straps, safety belts, tires, belts, liquid and air filtration. These fabrics are high strength, low cost, abrasion resistant, resistant (chemical resistance in certain environments, flame retardant, deformation resistance), conductive, flexible, light and high quality products.
Industrial narrow weavings are produced in the form of flat weaving and seamless pipe (hose weaving) depending on the customer's request and with the desired thermal and chemical properties. Filter bags are generally preferred for a wide area of use with their low cost, air permeability and porosity values by using 100% cotton or polyester yarn.
In the bookbinding industry, the bookmark tapes are also used as narrow book separator tapes.
woven fabric samples are seen.
Medical Narrow Fabrics (Medtech)
Narrow webbings in medical and health products, belts that serve as carrying and lifting (lift) in physical therapy and orthopedic patients, movement equipment to provide patient movement, parachute equipment, binding equipment, back-back support of the patient, wrist support, binding in devices that support the knee and ankle. and used as carrier.
In addition, woven arteries, orthopedic strips and prosthetic materials, elastic bandages, flannel (a band-aid), bandages, waist corsets are narrow fabrics that provide care and hygiene for all kinds of injuries, injuries and breaks. Such narrow fabrics are products with high performance such as comfort, abrasion resistance, moisture absorbency, repellency and antimicrobial.
In the treatment of injuries, 1st and 2nd degree meniscus degenerations and collateral ligament injuries, in cases where the arm or foot needs to be suspended and to support and fix the arm or foot in fractures, acute and chronic ankle sprains, soft tissue traumas and injuries during sports activities, Products consisting of narrow woven fabric structures are used to protect against injuries and sprains.
Narrow Fabrics in Vehicles (Mobiltech)
It is used in automobiles, airplanes, trains, ships and other vehicles, used in seat belts, towing ropes, luggage elastics, tension bands, sailcloths, transportation and interior decorations of vehicles. These narrow weavings are preferred as durable products with strong strength.
Packaging Narrow Weaves (Packtech)
In the packaging industry, narrow woven fabrics are used for decoration, packaging and transportation purposes, in the decoration of souvenirs in the form of thick or thin ribbons or strips for gift wrapping, cake package decorations, toy decorations, flower decorations, mawlid, circumcision, newborn, wedding candies.
Protective Narrow Fabrics (Protech)
It is preferred in areas such as telecommunication, industrial institutions (construction, energy, forest, mining, firefighting), defense (military forces, police, security guards), window cleaning, painters and maintenance workers who paint large buildings, rescue and evacuation teams, mountaineering, caving. .
These weavings consist of strong fabric structures such as climbing, climbing and descending, protection from static electricity, protection from high voltage, carrying, binding tape and belt.
Rescue and seat belts
öIt is used especially in rescue works, to save the sick, casualties and injured by carrying them, and to fall, cling, protect and stand still in areas such as construction, mining, mountaineering and forestry. head lamps, It is preferred in areas such as mountaineering, sports climbing, maintenance-repair works, construction and mining. working at height or goggles It is seen as a holding bond for protective glasses in jobs that require In working at height helmet helmet chin strap As a result, Stretcher carrying sling ve basket stretcher It is seen that it is used for carrying and mooring (helicopter rescue type). Rafting in life jackets It is used for tying and securing in safety clothing. In high working areas extension rope ve load lifting sling Narrow woven products are also seen.
Fall arrest and positioning belts are used in areas such as construction, mountaineering, mining, forestry, and sports activities for climbing and working comfortably and safely by maintaining their high position. It is seen that load and weight lifting belts are used to prevent low back pain and disc slippage.
Sporty Narrow Weaves (Sporttech)
It is used in many areas such as tensile strength, resistance to UV rays, color fastness, abrasion resistance, all kinds of sports equipment, canopy and awning systems, sailing and equestrian sports, parachute sets, binding tapes.
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