The plaid pattern is a very popular pattern used by many different cultures around the world. Checkered and plaid fabrics used in almost every corner of the world, whether in developed countries or underdeveloped countries, with different purposes and methods; It is used today as it was in the past. Pattern is not only in textile; It is widely used in many products inside and outside of textile. This pattern, which is used in our country and many other countries, has a very different meaning for the Scots.
The Scots adopted the plaid pattern quite a lot; have made it a symbol of their national culture and identity. In this, although many events, wars and rebellions they have experienced throughout history; traditional values, art and literature also contributed a lot. Scots, check today; They value almost as much as their flags. There is no other country in the world that gives such importance to a textile pattern as much as its flags. The Scottish people have shown the whole world at every opportunity that they are happy to carry the plaid pattern, which they think emphasizes their national identity, always and everywhere, and they continue to show it today. Many cultures in the world use this pattern; It is associated with Scots and Scotland. When you think of plaid, most of them think, originally called kilt and made of plaid fabrics Scottish men wearing skirts. For centuries, this outfit was first used in mountainous areas; then it became the traditional dress of the people living in the wide plains. Kilt is very important to the Scots. There is almost no area where the plaid pattern is not used today. With this; It is also witnessed that the checker pattern, which is a pattern mostly used in the textile and fashion industry, takes on different meanings over time as a result of certain styles and social events. It is also known that plaid, which has a wide usage area in fashion, is identified with some famous designers and made it indispensable for their collections.
Plaid is a type of pattern. It was first applied to woven fabrics, over time; Its use as a pattern in many products inside and outside of textile has become widespread. The plaid pattern is created using at least two different colors. The important thing in this pattern is the colors and numbers of the yarns used in the warp; It is used in the same number and order in the weft. It is revealed in this way, thin and thick; A pattern of horizontal and vertical intersecting lines appears. The pattern that emerges with the regular repetition of this pattern. plaid pattern It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
in public bad squareThe small square pattern called (from the French 'petit carré') is actually a plaid pattern made of two colors.
Today, besides the plaid samples made using two colors; There are also plaids made using a lot of colors.
Today, plaid pattern is associated with Scotland in our country as in many countries. In fact, in our country, this pattern is often called the Scottish pattern (Scottish plaid). english your tartan plaid patternIt is thought to derive from the French word tiretain. Tartan While the word used to express only one type of fabric (with or without a pattern), today it is used to describe the pattern rather than the fabric. This pattern in Turkish plaid The reason is Scotland's in French, Ecosse can be attributed to pass. Considering that there are many words in Turkish from French, it is highly possible that this pattern name was also directly referred to as the name of the country. It is a known fact that the plaid pattern has been used in many different cultures since ancient times. It is seen that many civilizations use this pattern from the Far East to Asia, from Asia to Europe and even to America. Since the first period of the discovery of weaving, people have tried to evaluate and develop the possibilities of the time and the region they are in in order to diversify what they do and add something decorative. When viewed in this way, many ancient cultures around the world, using yarn of two or more colors; It should be considered quite common for them to make plaid-like, linear and checkered patterns, which are not very difficult. People have been engaged in weaving since prehistoric times, especially in order to provide their most basic need for clothing. For hundreds or even thousands of years, it has been seen that almost everyone from the top to the bottom layer of the society has been weaving. Many cultures around the world have dealt with weaving. It is stated that weaving was known in Central and South America in very ancient times, but the real historical development of weaving was in the ancient Greek and Roman periods around the Mediterranean.
ancient civilizations in Central and South America Maya and the IncasIt is understood that they are very successful in weaving. Looking at the examples of these; it is seen that patterns similar to linear and checkered motifs are frequently used. As can be understood from these studies dating back thousands of years; Simple weaving practices, which people started as a single color at first, were developed with different colors and patterns within the opportunities, and patterns in the style of plaid pattern emerged.
Plaid pattern made of black and white on red is very common in Inca tunics.
On the curtain made of wool and linen weaving, which was found during the researches in Egypt and which is understood to belong to the 6th century BC; It is seen that there is a praying female figure and the checkered patterns on the woman are clearly noticed.
In addition, this pattern is encountered in some wall paintings found in Egypt. It enlightens us that it is also used in different decorations.
In the mural depicting a boat in the Nile, on the boat; seeing the plaid pattern is a good example of this.
Weaving has not undergone much change in terms of technique for hundreds of years and developments in this regard have not been experienced very often. Especially in the period until the discovery of jacquard looms; Plaid and checkered patterns have been the most used patterns by many different cultures and civilizations. It is known that weaving has been done in Europe since ancient times. It is seen that European countries, which were shaped after the collapse of the Roman Empire, used plaid patterns as well as many unique patterns. Due to the fact that fabrics do not last very long, it is possible to come across documents belonging to them in various books and manuscripts. For example, while giving information about weaving looms in an English manuscript from the 13th century; It is seen that the woven fabric is plaid.
In order to better understand the world culture, it is often sufficient to look at the examples of textiles, clothing and clothing traditions of civilizations. Trade, religion, the ups and downs of empires and many other events; Observing and understanding the stages of that civilization in textiles can give us many clues. The methods applied by different cultures, separated from each other by long distances, while creating textile works, surprise us from time to time, but also make us think. Considering our subject, plaid and checkered fabrics, many civilizations around the world; This is why it is often possible to witness the use of checkered and plaid fabrics. No matter where they are in the world, these patterns appear as frequently used patterns since the first ages.
Turks gave great importance to weaving. During their journey from Central Asia to Anatolia and during the hundreds of years they spent in Anatolia; Weaving has been indispensable for Turkish people, from their clothes to shelter equipment and the items they use in many areas. It is known that the wealthy in the Ottoman Empire preferred ostentatious fabrics. Among the people and in the palace, flamboyant and attractive fabrics have always been a priority. As such, it is natural that those in the palace did not prefer plaid and checkered patterns for their main clothing. Plaid is clearly absent in Ottoman fabrics. Plaid pattern is mostly among the people; It can be seen as a complement to clothing such as scarves, shawls, belts, aprons, and in home textile products such as tablecloths and sheets.
It is seen that plaid fabrics are used as complementary elements of clothes in different regions of the Ottoman Empire, which spread over a very large area from Asia to Europe and even to Africa. Today, it is very preferred by Turkish people, table cloths, bath loincloths are mostly plaid or checkered weaving samples.
The Indians, who have managed to survive in North America until recently, have always attracted attention with their different cultures. Indians' lives, clothes, ceremonies, etc. It has been the subject of many movies and documentaries. Photographs of the last period of the Indians, taken in the 19th century thanks to the invention of the camera, help to explain them a little and show their unusual style. There were many Native American tribes in North America. They were very successful in hunting and mostly wore clothes made from the skins of animals they hunted such as buffalo and deer. They obtained their needs such as rugs and blankets from weaving. These were quite colorful and consisted of unique patterns. Traditional weavings made by using their fingers for thousands of years, İ.S. They added vertical looms, estimated to have been discovered between 1050 and 1300. With the discovery of the American continent by the Europeans, the Indian lands gradually passed into the hands of the Europeans and the presence of the Indians there gradually decreased. The new owners of America are quite experienced and assertive in trade as in many other areas. They begin to trade with the Indians by weaving blankets to suit their taste. In this respect; Two companies producing Pendleton Indian Blankets and Hudson's Bay Blankets are very important. Of these, Hudson's Bay is more famous for its plaid weaving; Pendleton produces textiles, especially blankets, based on the tastes and colors of the Indians, and sells them in large numbers to the Indians. In most of the photographs, the Indians are seen posing by wrapping the plaid blankets they bought from European traders over their clothes.
The Europeans who settled here later produced textile products in accordance with their traditions with the techniques they brought with them in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries, used them and traded them. This new restructuring, which was experienced with the arrival of Europeans in America, also showed itself in the slave trade. Many books, films and documentaries about slaves and slavery; In addition to the pain and troubles suffered at that time; It also enlightens us about the dressing of slaves. It is said that African female slaves wore their most beautiful striped and checked dresses on Sundays. It is known that towards the end of the 18th century, slave owners in the west of America made them wear shawls made of brightly colored plaids in order to better see their slaves in case they escaped. These shawls were very popular at that time. In fact, in a letter found in the files of Wilson (Bonnockburn), the owner of the famous Scottish weaving workshop, he was asked for 200 yards of Lindsay plaid, these were for slaves and the cost should be kept cheap (it was requested that the cost of the yard not exceed 1 Shilling).
Plaid pattern is also seen in the cowboy culture of America. Thin plaid shirts have been the shirts that cowboys often prefer.
Plaid shirts, also known as lumberjack shirts today, are the shirts first worn by woodcutters in America. These shirts, made of thick wool plaid, are preferred by men and women in many countries today.
In South America, also known as Latin America, how advanced the Inca and Maya civilizations were in weaving was at the beginning of the study. It is seen that there are very interesting traditions with multi-colored and various fabrics in the countries that are located in these lands and are the continuation of these civilizations. In particular, countries such as Mexico, Brazil and Peru are among the countries that always attract the attention of the world in this regard. The clothes, which consist of colorful patterns and fabrics where many techniques such as applique and embroidery are used abundantly, today; especially attracts the attention of tourists.
Although the preferences of the cultures living here are very colorful in terms of fabric, from time to time, plaid patterns are also encountered.
Europe in the center, especially in BC. It is known that in the 500s, very rich and different traditional fabrics began to be produced. In Germany, where there are many regional differences and most of the fabric types are made from weaving; fine embroideries, tassels and checkered patterns are frequently encountered. WORK. The young girl's costume, which is estimated to belong to 200 and using three different shades of blue, was found in Thorsberg, Germany, and has a very important place in the history of world textiles.
Netherlands, For hundreds of years, it has been one of the most important countries in Europe, especially in agriculture and animal husbandry. Looking at the historical costumes in the Netherlands, which is quite successful in this regard; It is possible to see more plaid and checkered patterns in the complementary elements of the outfit, such as apron and shawl, than in other European countries.
These patterns are more common in the Netherlands; It shows that such patterns are mostly preferred by those living in rural areas in Europe. In the second half of the 19th century, the British Queen Victoria's passion for plaid spread all over Europe and in the Netherlands, the plaid pattern began to be used in main clothing.
In the last period of the Middle Ages, it was famous for its velvet fabric weaving. in Italy, plaid patterns become very popular. These patterns are not only on velvet fabrics; It begins to appear in other fabric types as well.
ItaliansThey preferred flamboyant fabrics, especially during the Renaissance and later; Plaid and checkered patterns were not used much until the end of the 19th century.
in Spain In traditional clothes used by the people, it is possible to come across the plaid pattern as a complementary element of the clothes.
England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales make up Great Britain. Among these countries, Scotland and England have always been more prominent in textiles. The place of Scotland, which is the first country that comes to mind when it comes to plaid today, is different. Plaid pattern appears to be most common in Scotland in Britain. The case of Scotland in this regard is very impressive and constitutes a large part of the research. In Ireland, although the traditional emphasis on plaid is high; this is little known by many and has not been brought to the fore as much as Scotland. In addition, many sources cite information about Scotland in connection with Great Britain.
In addition, the plaid pattern, British It is known that it is a pattern used by many.
French more in their clothes; lace, silk, satin, velvet and brocade fabrics were used. Flowers, oriental and exotic patterns were frequently featured in these fabrics. Checkered and checked patterns were rarely seen. Looking at the historical process, these patterns, from the Middle Ages; It is understood that it is seen especially in the clothes and armor of the royal soldiers.
in france After the French Revolution of 1789, clothing became simplified in the palace and among the people. The flamboyant patterns have also left their place to simpler patterns.
Thanks to the industrial revolution that took place in the second half of the 19th century; fabrics and clothing began to be mass-produced throughout Europe, and after that, clothing, especially in cities; more simplified and monotonous. The impact of the industrial revolution in villages and towns was not seen immediately, this change took a little more time. In this and the following periods, the diversity in the patterns used was also simplified and changed and simplified in accordance with the structuring in the 20th century. The plaid pattern, on the other hand, has often been a pattern preferred by many French people.
african continent, It is a very large continent and contains many different cultures and races. In Africa, where there is a very colorful and diverse culture, almost every culture has its own unique textile samples. Many African countries still use methods that can be considered primitive. Looking at the patterns, besides the stylized animal and human figures; Linear and checkered patterns and their combinations are frequently used. Kente fabrics are among the best-known examples of hand-woven textiles from West Africa. It originated on the Gold Coast and Slave Coast (present-day Ghana and Togo) in the 18th and 19th centuries and is traditionally woven and sewn by men. Kente fabrics; from one edge to the other, it consists of thin strips. Plaid and checkered-like textures are obtained by the method of weaving and joining the strips together.
Industry and industry are not developed in Africa, which is a continent where the underdeveloped countries of the world are abundant.
Textile products also enlighten and inform us about the welfare status of countries. In the developed countries of Europe and Asia, plaid and checkered patterns are the patterns used by the common people; In the undeveloped countries of the African continent, it is seen above the kings and prominent people of the country.
The Far East has its own unique weavings and fabrics. Among them, a little checkered pattern can be found.
Many countries around the world have different fabric samples and unique patterns. Besides, wherever one goes in the world, it is possible to come across checkered or plaid patterns almost everywhere.
There are such interesting methods used for fabric making; they are made only by certain folk groups, with different techniques and with materials specific to that region. Among these, one of the most striking methods is the one used for the preparation of the plug fabric. plug fabric It is a type of fabric native to Samoa (formerly Tonga) in the South Pacific, east of Australia. To make this fabric; The bark of the mulberry tree is thoroughly beaten and turned into a hard paper-like surface. Then, decorations are made with dyes prepared from the juice of tropical plants, and a leather-like fabric emerges. It is seen that geometric patterns and especially checkered and plaid patterns are frequently used in these ornaments.
It is known that many countries in the world have contributed to the development and spread of clothing.
As can be seen from all these examples; Checkered and plaid fabrics used in almost every corner of the world, whether in developed or underdeveloped countries; It is still used by many people today, with different purposes and methods. In fact, the main thing here is; It is really important to think about how the Scottish people, who embraced this pattern incredibly, even made it a part of their national culture, achieved this, rather than which culture used the plaid pattern for the first time or frequently.
The Scottish example stands out as a very beautiful and special example. A textile pattern on the world; There is no other country that cares as much as its national flags.
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