When viewed from the fabric side in the weaving machine, the threads in the longitudinal direction are called warp. The threads in the length of the cotton ball are warp threads. Weaving is the connection of warp and weft threads at right angles to each other. The warp threads required for weaving fabric in the weaving machine cannot be used directly over the cylindrical parts called bobbins (other name is warp beam) in the weaving preparation room. It must be transferred to large reels called beam suitable for the weaving machine. According to the characteristics of the fabric to be woven (warp wire count, warp color pattern, warp length), the yarns are wound on the weaving beam parallel to each other and with the same tension. warp preparation It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
The warp preparation process, which is one of the weaving preparation parts; In line with customer requests, the yarn is transferred to the beam according to the work order from the weaving planning department. Large reels called Levent are metal parts designed separately by each weaving machine manufacturer. Weaving preparation machines used in the process of transferring the warp threads to large reels called beams according to the desired properties. warping machines It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
These machines are divided into two as conical warp and straight (serial) warping machines. poppet ve serial warp The most obvious difference between the machines is that in serial warping machines, the warp threads are wound directly on the beam. In conical warping machines, on the other hand, the threads are first wound on the drum (cylinder) in the form of warp groups called kalba, and then transferred to the beam..creel, It is the metal stand on which the bobbins are arranged in warping machines. The creel is the most important element that ensures that the yarn ends coming from the bobbins are transferred to the beam with equal tension, parallel to each other and smoothly. Conical bobbins are used in creels used today.
This causes it to have more yarn on it and makes it easier to milk. According to the work order received from the production planning in the warping machine, the bobbins will be placed on the creel first in line with the information concerning the warp circle. This alignment process should be done starting from the lower and upper corners of the creel, if it was started from the top, downwards, and if it was tied from the bottom, it should be done upwards. An error to be made during the sewing will cause faulty fabric to come out. In order for the warping machine to run smoothly, the control systems must work without errors. The warp threads to be prepared must be wound on the beam without any error, with the same tension and immediate intervention in case of breaks..
Features that should be found in a proper creel;
1- The machine should be stopped in case of warp yarn breaks and bobbin discharges.
2-There should be an equal amount of net in the yarn stoppers,
3-The places where the thread passes should be made of low friction and smooth material,
4-The creel part should be cleaned continuously with robot cleaners,
5-Control system and warning signals of the system must be at a high level.
6- It should be manufactured in a way that will facilitate the assembly of the coils.
Metal stands, ie creels, on which the warp threads are attached as bobbins, are classified as 'V' and parallel in structure.
In machines where the same warp thread will continue in the creel, bobbins can be prepared with redundancy. The lower end of the spare coil is tied to the upper end of the other coil,Thus, when the warp thread on the first bobbin runs out, the process continues with the other bobbin being activated without stopping the machine. Since the spindles on which the bobbins are attached are movable, the finished bobbin spindle can be turned and replaced with a bobbin.
If the following features are observed in the coils to be attached to the creel, ease of operation is provided.
1-The dimensions of the coils should be chosen well. If they are large, they may cause breakage during contact with the coils next to them.
2-The bosses used for the coils should not be broken.
3- Coil winding must be well done.
On the creel, the warp threads can be transported properly. There are 3 sections. These:
1-Brake assembly
It ensures that the warp threads are unwound from the bobbins under constant tension. The mechanisms used for this are systems similar to tensioning devices in spinning machines. It is the section that ensures that the warp threads are unwound from the bobbins with equal tension and that the tension of the threads remains constant during the stop of the machine. The yarn ends taken from each bobbin are passed through the brakes. The winding of the warp threads on the beam at the same tension directly affects the quality of the fabric to be woven. The setting of the brake device on the creel must be under constant control.
2-Thread probe
The warp threads passed through the brake system are passed through ceramic holders and thread probes, respectively. The thread holders ensure that the threads are properly transported.When the warp threads break, the thread probe drops and the machine is stopped. There should be no waste of time for the machine to stop. Missing warp on the beam causes the fabric to be woven to become a faulty product. This leads to time and economic loss. Yarn probes automatically stop the machine when the warp yarn breaks or the yarn runs out on the bobbin. When the machine stops due to yarn breakage, the lamp in the section where the probes are located turns on and the hook over which the yarn passes is lifted to determine the location of the broken yarn.
3-Spindles
They are the parts on which the coils are arranged in the creel. It helps to keep the bobbins stable for smooth unwinding of the threads over the bobbins.
The maintenance of the creel is done as follows
1-The metal parts are checked and the broken and deformed parts are corrected.
2-Braking, thread probe and thread holders are checked and the defective ones are replaced and their settings are made.
3-Defective control lamps and cable systems are overhauled.
All necessary adjustments must be made for the creel to prepare the desired warp. During the maintenance of the creel, the following should be considered;
1-Needles should be checked for broken or cracks.
2-It should be checked whether the yarn brakes are at the same weight.
3-The sensitivity of the yarn probes should be checked.
4-Fractures, cracks and rough parts on the guides should be checked.
The warp creel needs to be constantly checked in order to increase its efficiency and run smoothly.
It is the process of winding the warp threads coming from the creel in the conical warp machine in the form of bands (bands) of the specified width on the drum with conical plates in the desired number and length, and then transferring them to the weaving beam. The reason why it is called conical warp is that there is a conical section on the drum (cupboard) edge. The operations to be done to prepare the warp in the conical warp machine can be listed as follows;
1- Arranging the warp bobbins on the creel,
2- Passing the yarn through the brake device, yarn probe and guides,
3- Passing the warp yarns through the cross and collection comb,
4-Adjusting the taper,
5-How many meters of warp to be prepared,
4-Determining the number of hearts according to the number of warps,
5-Tying the warp in the form of a heart to the drum,
6- Crossing the heart,
7- Attaching the beam to the machine,
8-Wap yarns are wound on the beam without any errors.
CONIC WARP MACHINE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS
1-Creeler
2-Cross comb
3 sports
4-Collection comb
5-Conical drum
6-Levende receiving part
1-CREEL
It is the metal stand on which the bobbins are arranged in the conical warping machine. The creel is the most important element that ensures that the yarn ends coming from the bobbins are transferred to the drum at the same tension, parallel to each other and smoothly. After the drum, the transfer takes place on the beam.
2-CROSS COMB
In order to prevent the warp threads from tangling, they are crossed in the cross comb by crossing method. The cross comb is a comb with one tooth open all the way through, and the other tooth with a short opening in the middle. The task of the cross reed is to separate the warp threads from each other by crossing them. The cross comb is a specially manufactured comb. For crossover, a thread is passed through each tooth of the cross comb. to every heart(also called hank or band) At the beginning, the cross comb is lifted up and the first cross thread is passed through the nozzle, then it is lowered to pass the second cross thread.
3-SUPPORT
In the conical warping machine, it carries the components such as cross reed, collecting reed (V-comb), caliper, sled fixing and sliding apparatus, crossing arm, apparatus and ruler that can be adjusted according to the conicity of the collecting reed. The support is the part that allows the core to be shifted towards the conical part while the warp threads are wound on the drum in coils.It is an element that can be adjusted with a collapsible system in the width of the collecting reed in the conical warping machine. It ensures that the warp threads coming from the cross reed are wound on the drum by determining the width of the heart and the density in cm. The number of the picking reed is equal to the reed density.
5-SUPPORT SLIDE
In conical warping machines, the task of the sled is to slide the support device towards the conical part of the drum while winding the core on the drum. The collection comb on the sled is slid to the width of the heart at the end of each heart. The width of the heart is found by dividing the number of warp wires in the heart by the number of reeds.
6-CONIC DRUM
In conical warping machines, the hollow cylinder with a length of 4-5 meters on which there are conical plates or conical part and on which the warp threads are wound in coils is called a conical drum. There are nails on the drum that enable the ends of the heart to be wrapped, and the part to which the cross ropes will be attached..
7- LEVEL TAKING PART
After the total number of warp threads requested on the drum is completed, all warps are transferred to the warp beam attached to the back of the drum at the same tension.
Conical warping machine consists of the maintenance of support, drum and beam receiving parts. Gear, chain and rotating parts of the machine should be lubricated with appropriate oil selection and ratio at certain intervals during maintenance. There are changes when the metal parts do not fulfill their functions. In addition, general control of electrical connection systems is essential.
Compressed air is generally used in conical warping machines for cleaning. For modern machines, automatic mobile cleaning robots are especially used for cleaning the creel part. Also, floor cleaning of the area covered by the machine is required.
The settings of the conical warp machine are related to the warp thread to be prepared. During the warp preparation, the settings made for the molds to be formed especially in the drum part of the conical warp machine are of great importance. The warp thread to be wound on the beam is taken from the creel and the support and metering are adjusted, then the taper adjustment is made during the winding on the drum as the heart, and finally the adjustment is made during the take-up beam. By making these settings, the necessary parts of the conical warping machine are adjusted.
While maintaining and adjusting the conical warping machine, it is indispensable for all machines to comply with the instructions of the machine manufacturers. If there is warp thread on the machine, it is imperative to take precautions to prevent the thread from being damaged. The maintenance should only cover the relevant part.
Care should be taken to ensure that the thin, grease and hydraulic oils to be used in the lubrication process are appropriate and used at the required rate, and they should be used only in the relevant part of the machine, and should be kept away from the environment, that is, the floor in the apartment and the parts of the machine that should not be lubricated.
CALCULATIONS ON THE CONICAL MACHINE
In order to make the desired winding in the conical warping machine, the number of cores to be wound on the drum, the width of the tape, the number of wires passing through the tooth in the collecting comb, and the number of reports in the creel should be calculated with the formulas given below.
The following formulas are used in order to realize an error-free winding process on the conical warping machine.
Number of reports in the creel
It is the formula used to determine the number of reports in the creel in the conical warp machine. .
Number of reports in the creel = number of coils in the creel / Number of wires in a report
Number of bobbins in the creel
It is found by multiplying the repetition of the report in the heart by the number of report wires.
Number of coils in the creel = Repetition of the report in the heart x Number of report wires
Number of tapes
It is the formula used to find the number of tapes required for winding in the conical warping machine.
Number of tapes = Total number of warp wires / Number of bobbins on the creel
Band width
It is the area covered by the number of bobbin threads in the creel indicated by the cross comb in cm. The following two formulas are used for this process.
Band width = Warp width in beam x Number of tape wires / Total warp wire number or Tape width = Number of tape wire / Reed number
The number of wires passing through the tooth in the collecting comb
It is the formula in which the number of threads to be passed from each tooth of the collecting reed in the conical warping machine is calculated.
Number of wires passing through the tooth of the pick comb = Number of band wires / Width of the band x Number of teeth per 1 centimeter of the pick comb
THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED IN DRAWING THE COIL TO THE CELLER
In order to prepare the creel for a new job during the use of the conical warp machine, the creel must be cleaned first, that is, no bobbins (from the previous job) should be left on it.
Checking the creel is essential. All necessary parts such as metal parts, spindles, brake device, tensioning device, electronic control device, electrical components on the creel should be checked.
The warp threads should be wound on the bobbin without friction or with the least friction in the bobbin arrangement. In addition, in warping machines where the same work will continue, bobbins should be prepared as redundant. Thus, the machine will not need to be stopped for bobbin change.
The warp to be prepared in the conical warp machine must be wrapped in the drum by gaining a certain height. This height is possible with the adjustment of the blades of the drum. Conic angle adjustment of the machine is determined by the properties such as yarn number and type of the warp to be prepared.
The warp threads taken from the creel are passed through the collecting reed and knotted and attached to the hooks (nails) on the conical battalion.The length of the warp thread to be prepared must be entered into the machine as data. The length value of the warp to be wound on the beam is entered into the mechanical counter manually depending on the machine type, or by entering it digitally in machines with electronic equipment, the machine is automatically stopped when the desired warp length is reached. On the other hand, the scrolling of the drum is adjusted according to the warp thickness.
The purpose of crisscrossing in the warp unraveling process with conical warp is to protect the color pattern, especially in weavings with colored warp patterns, and to easily find and separate the broken warp yarn. The criss-crossing process is the process of forming the warp threads, which ensures that the warp threads remain in a regular order during the weaving preparation process and weaving. The first mouthpiece is opened in the cross comb and this mouthpiece is connected to the drum by passing the cross rope between it. The second mouthpiece is opened, taken crosswise. The same process is done in this mouthpiece. Thus, the crossover process is completed.
In the conical warp machine, the yarn tensions must be kept under control during the process of winding the warp yarns in coils to the drum. The reason why one side of the drum is conical is to prevent slippage in the warp layer. The winding process of the yarns in the first section of the drum is achieved by moving the section from side to side with a significant speed. When the winding process on the first heart is finished, the pick-up reed is pulled to the winding point on the second heart with a caliper and tied on the diagonal, and this process is repeated for each heart to complete the winding process. These are equal tension and the creation of warp hearts of the same length.
After the total number of warp wires is completed on the drum, the weaving machine is placed in the beam slot. The ends taken from the drum are knotted in small hearts and attached to the holes in the beam. Warps are transferred on the beam with equal tension over the drum. The width of the weaving beam should be adjusted from the drums according to the width of the wrapped warp. Otherwise, winding errors will occur on the beam.
It is the process of transferring the warp threads wrapped in the drum onto the weaving beam in conical warping machines. As the warp threads are wound on the beam from the drum, the inner diameter of the beam grows. On the other hand, the beam peripheral speed remains constant to adjust the winding of the yarns with the same tension. Thus, the time it takes to wind the yarns from the drum to the weaving beam is directly proportional to the warp length since the beam winding speed is constant. The warp threads are drawn as a whole by turning the beam and winding is performed. The rotational speed of the drum is kept under proper tension.
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