In addition to its basic qualities such as smooth surface, thinness, flexibility, durability and covering that ensure its use as a textile material, in other words, the fabric has many other properties that determine both its surface appearance and its behavior under usage conditions. These properties occur as complex functions of the raw material and structure properties of the fabric.
Apart from the conditions that the fabric structure should be suitable for a certain intended use, with the qualities required for that purpose, with the most suitable raw material for that purpose, in accordance with the market, seasonal conditions and taste measures, on the one hand, it is suitable for that purpose and on the other hand, it is the highest for the institution that offers it. It should have economic values that can bring profitability.
A-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
in a sandşagainst chemical substances during the production and use ofşi durableğIts properties such as heat, flammability and dyeability are chemical properties. This is the sandş with the chemical properties of the fibers used in makingğdirectly related. Colored by dyeingş kumaşcolor fastness and dyeabilityği is a diference about the chemical structure of both the fiber and the dye.ğare important features. sandşThe water absorbing or absorbing water in the atmosphere, which is defined as hygroscopicity,ği also sandşeven the raw materialşDepending on the chemical structure of the fibers, the imineğIt is a feature.
cloth for clothingşsweat absorbtion, to the sand like a towelşIt is an important feature that the water absorbs the water. Cotton fiber absorbs water wellğtowels for i cotton threadğtouches with i. It also has a water absorbing feature.ğThere are also synthetic fibers that are good. sand like thisşin the sandşability to absorb waterği and taşas soon as possibleğThe amount of water is important.
ability to absorb waterği, sandşfell into the waterşafter being immersed in the water,ş do up inğru can be determined by detecting the propagation rate.ş It gets a little dirty during use. Get your dirt awayşby washing or dry cleaningğlances. Therefore, the sandşthis i ofşprofitşIt also needs to be durable.
B-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical properties of fabric are complex properties that are affected by fiber, yarn properties and fabric structure. These are a set of properties that differ from chemical properties. These ;
1-Structural features
2- Mechanical properties
3-- Sensory features
4- Permeability and conductivity properties such as 5,6,7,8,.....
1-Structural Features
Kumaşwidth, length, weave, fabricşI'm deadşthe thickness of the turan fiber or yarn and theş yo inğto the sand with flour or densitiesş thickğcan be counted among these features. sandşThese features, also called technical features ofşin outsideğThey also significantly affect their physical properties. sandşappearance, thickğI, softşmentallyğproperties such as I, depending on the selected weave.ğdiffers accordingly. The density of the warp and weft threads is expressed by the number of threads per unit length.
İAs the yarn frequencies increase,şThe weight of the product is increasing and the sandş gains a harder attitude and strength. sandş yarn slippage is reduced. sandşaccording to the purpose of useğişits inherent grammage, sandşto the unit area ofşin ağgoodğexpresses it. sandş The dimensions are generally determined according to the purpose of use.ş are the dimensions. These are expressed as raw and finished sizes. Of these, especiallyş width is a very important feature.şIt affects properties such as permeability, durability and casting. sandş thickği cordedğDepending on the number, twist, straight or texturizedğis from. It is also related to thickness, weave type and densities.
2-Mechanical Properties
Kumaşwidth, length or fabricş perpendicular to the planeğbehavior under forces acting on the groundşelongation at break, tensile strength, tear strength, burst strength, eğstitch strength, stitchş resistance, friction resistance, flexibility, ironing, rubbingşProperties such as durability are known as mechanical properties.
• Rupture strength:
It is the greatest force applied to the test specimen in a tensile test resulting in rupture. Elongation at break is the elongation of the specimen under the greatest force applied to the test specimen in a tensile strength test.
• Tear Strength:
KumaşIt is to express the force required to break the i by a torque or a certain axis by rotating it with the pulling effect. So, a sandşalso determinedş koşa tear under the ularğI başProfit required to generate, maintain or spreadşis the putting force. Tear strength fabricşrelates to its structure. clustered togetherş threads share tensionşThey show a high strength. TOğindividual threads to the sandş easily located inğişthe tearing force will not break the successive threads, instead the groundğişcame togetherş will break the fiber bundles.
• Dikiş strength:
plantedş kumaşone or more fabricsş with sewingşcreated inği bağyour link is about to breakşshowed meği is the largest resistance.
• İSnow to Thread SlipşI Strength:
Woven fabricşsnow skiingşi stamina, uprightşe parallel threads somewhereğişstitch for trimming amountşe is the force that must be applied perpendicularly. This strength is due to yarn twist, yarnğbe iştype of turan fiber, sandş frequency of weft and warp yarns.ğalso according to theirğişInhibitory.
•Flexural Strength:
Fabric drape refers to the resistance of the textile product against bending. It is the moment applied to both ends of the textile product in unit width when it is bent to the unit curvature radius without applying tension.
• AşStroke Strength:
A ba of textile materialşyarn and fibers to the sand by friction with the thick materialş out of the surfaceşsand as a result of beeş occurring on the surfaceşaging or agingşi is resistance. Especially woven fabricşa valid forştensile strength, tensile strength as well asşdurability ofğIt is one of the most important features of Aştensile strength, mechanical properties of fibers, yarn and fabricş structure, sandş construction, fiber, yarn and fabricş It is affected by many factors such as the amount of chemicals left on it.
• Elasticity:
under the influence of a certain forceğiştiren sandşThe ability of the body to return to its former state after this force is removed.ğis. sandşelasticity ofğThanks to the i, tearing can be prevented. However, this tooğişim been longğflour in the sandşin size and frequencyğişwill have marks.
• Anti-crease:
It is the ability of fabrics to return to their former form after being creased under a certain pressure, when the effect of pressure is removed. Anti-crease refers to the resistance of a textile fabric to wrinkles that occur during use. The greater the fabric density, yarn twist and fiber elasticity, the less the tendency to wrinkle and thus the wrinkling will disappear quickly.
3-Sensory Features
The touch of the fabric is the feeling we perceive when we touch the fabric by hand due to the effect of the raw material feature, thickness, softness, knitting and the finishing processes applied to the fabric. Generally, fabrics are required to be soft, plump, draped and lively. The touch of the fabrics is formed depending on the raw material used, the type of knitting used, the yarn type, the twisting of the yarn as well as the warp and weft density during weaving, or even more depending on the finishing processes. What needs to be determined here is the application of the most appropriate finishing processes that will bring the raw material to the desired usage purpose.
4-Permeability and Conductivity Properties
Air and water permeableğThis feature, which can be defined in two different ways as iş thickğdo with iğruda provinceşAlthough it is a clay, it is permeable to water.ği due to surface tensionşsurface structure, air permeableği sandş bo inşquantity and alsoğlargely to the moderateğis from. For this reason, as well as the yarn and their density, the internal structures of the yarns and the fabricş Knitting is also important.
Kumaştaki boşQuantity and size of troughs are water and air permeableğare the parameters that affect the texture emptyşIf the pores are small and the pores are small, their water and air permeability decreases. Also the sandşThe wetting or drying properties of the knit and the effect of its texture.ğa luğunto youğis from. More clothing fabricşyour questionsğit was like uk and hotş they do not pass the effects, but by absorbing sweat etc.şwas scratchingşThey are asked to throw a.
KumaşThis feature, which is especially sought after inğpossible with raw materials. heat or hotğwith thermal conductivity, which is also determined as holdingği first of allş thickğand especially the sandşI'm deadşDepending on the thermal properties of turan fibersğis from. usually doğfabric made from fibresşthe air they contain and theirğDue to its moisture-absorbing properties, it protects the body.şThey keep you warm in the summer and cool in the summer. exampleğin wool, outside with bodyş from the temperature difference of the airğmoment absorbs moisture and alsoğIt warms the body in cold weather and cools the body in hot weather.
KumaşThe electrical properties of the fiber are important in terms of insulating and static electricity, and they are related to the fiber properties. accumulateşwill stay şThe ability to attract and hold electrical charges from the air in this way is static electricity and depends on the amount of humidity in the environment as well as friction.ğis from. Static electric charge, sandştouch of işstitching, building each other during sewingşdeadşcan sit. Static electricity eventşmake it easy for dirt to pick upşis climbing. Therefore, it can be very important. Static electricity is generated in wool, silk acetate, polyester and nylon.şcan. Cotton, linen, viscose do not accumulate static.
5—View Properties
Başyarn properties, finishingşThe patterns were created by knitting effect, color and additional auxiliary decoration elements.ği sandşmost important feature ofğis. sandşto be presentedğI market environment, season, fashion eğscience and look at itş under the influence of the angleğişshows differences. sandşAppearance features are as important as usage features. sandş as a garment or as home textileğpresented acrossş is a product. A weave is a property of appearance and structure defined as texture.ğbe işturns. These surface texturesşığI tooğişby reflecting in two directions and amountğişcreate first appearance effectsşthey can tour.
İthe threads were in uni colorsğKnitting stands out in appearance. If melange and vigure yarns are used, knitting is effective.ği decreases as the color becomes more active.ği is increasing. The effectiveness of knitting in coloring with muline and jaspe yarns.ği don't usually stay. The warp and weft yarns are in different colors and the color contrast between them increases, so knitting is also important in the same measure. some sandşThe pile structure on the surface of the carpets or the loop structure on the carpets and velvetsşThey create special texture effects that affect the look.
6-Sewing ability
Kumaşs productionşThere is a lot of effort to check whether they achieve the targeted qualifications at the end of their studies.şwith many devices and methodsğişby passing the first testğis adjourned. These results obtained in terms of their performance during the garment processesşIn addition to the physical and mechanical properties of theşe, aesthetic features such as surface appearance and final appearance together and completely.ğit is not enough to be accepted. many searchşclimbing and bushşsand as a result of malariaşthickness and ağphysical such as race; dimensional stability, eğmechanical such as loop and shear rigidity; tuşIt can also combine aesthetic features such as e and surface appearance.ğDevelop test methods and equipment that canşknurledşTruck. with theseğfabric with the dataşsuitable for plantingğFlour's "Garment Performance"ğcan be used in theğunanimous aboutğbe işmuştype.
1. KESF-F: The beginning of the 70'sşin, Dr. Sueo Kawabata, in the sandşDeveloped the device system that can detect the mechanical-technological properties ofşrubbing the sandştach shrinkage, eğtear şin the attached small formğişas well as sandşIt is also possible to measure the composition and surface properties of theğit is lit. Kawabata, calculatedş değfrom the men, the expertşA source device system has been developed so that the future can explain accurate results with statistical methods.ştirmişTruck. Thus, the subjective attitude made by handğobjective and repeatable measurementsğreclamation can be made.
2. FAST: Australia İBritish Commonwealth of Nationsğu Search for Science and IndustryşDeveloped by Climbing Organization "CSIRO"ştirilen and the words of Fabric Assurance by Simple Testingş consist of lettersş"FAST" to the desired sandş measurement of properties andğcome to be apprehendedşknurledş It is a system of devices and test methods. In this system, theşthey aşağhas also been shownğfour a like işbeloved ofğis adjourned.
a) with FAST1 ağsize and thickness (Surface thicknessğI, free surface thicknessğI)
b) Rigidity with FAST2(Eğloop and cutting rigidities)
c) Elasticity with FAST3(şcan be shaped, elongated, stretched)
d) Dimensional stability with FAST4 (with higra geneşme and relaxşsuction pull)
The data obtained by making measurements are processed on the Fast control card by the devices and presented to the evaluation of fabric manufacturers and confectioners.
7-Economy
in a sandşIn addition to all the qualities of the product, a more important factor is that it is economical. ThatşThe economic conditions of the future also affect their purchasing power. In fact, the quality of a product is an important factor. but thatşThe economic conditions of the people oblige them to pay attention to the price of the product.
This attribute is the raw material, yarn and knitting of the designers.şdogs, finishingşthe most appropriate technological possibilities, etc. şIt is obtained by using it in cultivation. Regardless of its economic power, taste and culture, the sand offered to the marketşwho will takeşfirst effect in the futureşis lagging. TuşA definite conclusion is reached with e and economy.
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