Length and Width of Fabrics
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- Created on Tuesday, 17 October 2017 23:11
- Last Update: Tuesday, 25 January 2022 17:04
- Published on Tuesday, 17 October 2017 at 23:11.
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- Length and Width of Fabrics writer Faik KeserPosted by %PM, 17% 874% 2017 22%:%Oct in Weaving Read 3333 times
- Why Card Width and Raw Fabric Width and Finished Fabric Width are different.
- Why Warp Length and Raw Fabric Length and Finished Fabric Length are different.
- While weaving the fabric, the stages I described below take place.
1-The warp threads pass over the warp bridge as they come from the warp beam.
- warp The bridge is the weaving machine element that changes the direction of the yarns coming from the warp beam and transfers them to the fabric beam in parallel.
- It is in line with the fabric bridge. When the frames are aligned, the warp threads between the warp and fabric bridges are parallel to the ground.
- The warp bridge can be movable or fixed.
- Being mobile, that is, moving towards the inside of the machine during the opening of the shed, prevents the warp threads from breaking due to tension.
- As the weaving is done, the warp threads must be transported from the warp beam.
- Warp release systems are systems that ensure the delivery of warp threads from the warp beam.
- As the wefts are tied to the warps, since the warp length on the loom will be shortened, the warp threads wrapped in the beam are left forward and the necessary warp lengths are fed to the weaving loom.
- This event Negative or positive (release) discharge devices happens with any of them.
Negative warp (releasing) unloading device
- During weaving, the warp is emptied (released) in the thickness of the weft thrown by the weft.
- Therefore, negative means imprecise.
- Generally, weighted and spring systems work negatively.
- In this system, the rotation of the warp beam, that is, the warp release, is done with the help of warp tension.
- During the fabric formation, the tension of the warp threads that are pulled continuously increases gradually and this tension force turns the warp beam a little.
- Counterweights attached to the rope or band are attached to the outer edge of the warp beam.
- There is no warp tension measurement.
- The warp tension in the negative warp let-off system changes as a sudden decrease after a continuous increase.
- The period of this change is achieved by changing the location of the counterweight.
- However, any change in weights creates abrupt changes in warp tension.
- This may cause frequent and infrequent errors due to changes in the fabric line.
Positive warp (releasing) unloading device
- During weaving, the warp is emptied at a certain rate in each revolution of the machine, whether the weft is inserted or not.
- This unloaded amount is adjusted according to the weft density and remains constant until the end of the weaving.
- Therefore, positive systems usually consist of gears and levers.
- Warp threads must work under an equal tension during normal operation.
- This tension is very important for the lifting of the frames and the throwing of the shuttle.
- Positive warp release systems also take into account the warp tension on the machine.
- When there is any tension change in the warp, the warp bridge is affected by this change.
- The warp tension is regulated by transmitting the pressure of the yarns to the warp bridge to the warp release regulators through the levers attached to the bridge.
2-Threads from the warp bridge It is passed through the Lamellar Warp Control System.
- (The lamellas are made of thin steel sheet.
- Each warp thread has a lamella on it.
- Since the lamellas can stand on the saws with warp tension, they fall down when the warp breaks.
- The lamella falling down closes the electrical circuit, a magnet that moves stops the machine.
- The saws in the control system consist of two parts, internal and external.
- The inner saw makes the right-left movement inside the outer saw.
- When the lamella falls on the saw, it enters between the teeth of the saw, preventing them from moving and the machine stops.)
- or a Photocell Warp Control System (The warp threads are controlled by a photocell placed on the warp bridge.)
or a From the Brushed Warp Control System
(In this system, a rotating brush is placed under the warps between the warp bridge and the frames. When the warp threads break, they fall on the brush. When the warps fall on it, the rotating brush stops and stops the machine.) passes.
- 3-The warp threads coming from the lamellas in turn are checked for the strength in the frames according to the drawing-in plan prepared according to the pattern that will form the fabric, that is, the knitting.
- 4-After the drawing-in process, the warp threads are passed through the reed teeth according to the Card plan (the card plan is the plan showing the number of warp threads from the reed teeth).
- 5-The warp threads passed through the comb teeth are connected to the end cloth in the fabric beam after passing through the fabric bridge.
After that;
Weaving machine or other name weaving loom is operated. The weft thread is thrown from the right to the left and from the left to the right of the warp. Tefe also brings the weft thrown to the fabric by means of the comb on it, and this event continues continuously.
weft yarn;
- 1-With shuttle
- With 2-hook system
- 3-air jet
- 4-Water jet
- 5-Shuttle
- 6-Sisli
It makes a connection with the warp threads according to the pattern by throwing it with any of the weft insertion systems.
For example, if the rotation of the weaving machine is 550 per minute, 1 weft threads come close to the fabric surface in 550 minute, that is, the fabric is woven.
- After the fabric is woven, the fabric ball wrapped in the fabric beam is cut. Here is this fabric RAW FABRIC is called. In other words, it is the fabric that has come out of the weaving machine but has not undergone finishing processes, and has not been processed in dry and wet finishing. RAW FABRIC It called. What are impacted teeth? When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth. Why are impactions important? For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth. Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Here, since the warp threads do not have any tension, that is, the fabric is in a free state, both the weft threads are shortened (that is, the fabric pulls from the width) and the warp threads are shortened (that is, the fabric pulls from the length).
- For the fabric that has undergone finishing processes and has been treated with dry and wet finishing, FINISHED FABRIC It called. What are impacted teeth? When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth. Why are impactions important? For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth. Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
(All of the physical and chemical processes that the raw cloth, which comes out of the weaving factory or business, before it is ready for sale, are called "Finishing processes".
Textile finishing processes can simply be classified as follows:
- Pre Dressing
- Coloring
a) Painting
b)Print
- Finishing operations
The finishing processes of textile products are divided into two according to the application method:
- Age Finishing Operations
- Dry Finishing Processes
Dry finishing processes are generally related to finishing processes.
Wet finishing processes cover many different processes from bleaching to anti-crease and non-flammability treatment.
Wet finishing processes consist of three basic processes;
- Transferring the Finishing Agent to the Textile Material (Application, preparation)
- Washing
- Drying
After the pre-treatment and coloring processes in order to improve the usage properties, attitude and appearance of the fabrics, the processes are applied. ''Finish Actions'' is called. Instead of finishing processes in industry ''Finishing'' The main features gained to fabrics by finishing processes classified as “Temporary” or “Permanent” according to whether they are resistant to washing during use are as follows:
1. Appearance-related Smoothness, shine, firmness, opacity, etc.
2.Related to attitude Hardness, vitality, fullness, softness, elasticity, toughness etc.