1-Length
2-Thinness
3-Strength
4-Brightness
5-The ability to bend
6-Elongation and flexibility
7-Density
8-Moisture absorption feature
9-The ability to be affected by heat
10-Light effect feature
11- Ability to be affected by chemical reagents
12-Electrical feature
1-LENGTH:
Textile fibers are divided into two in terms of length;
Staple fiber :
These fibers are composed of short fibers such as cotton and wool. Their length varies according to the species and lineage and these fibers are from 10 mm to 50 cm in average. "staple fiber" It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
artificial fiber,
fiber obtained by shaping and cutting to a certain length to make it look natural like cotton and wool,"artificial staple fiber" It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Length is very important in staple fibers. It determines the quality of the product to be made. The settings on the machines are determined according to the average staple in spinning.
In continuous fiber, which is also called continuous fiber, the length of the fibers is infinite. to these fibers "filament" is called.
Natural silk and artificial fibers,
filament is infinite. The length of artificial fibers is determined according to the production method and the area where it will be used.
fiber length ;
In natural fibers it depends on their growth and in chemical fibers it depends on the manufacturing method and is related to the place of use. This feature is used in yarn manufacturing with different fiber lengths:
1-It affects the shooting
2-It affects the twist
3-It affects the yarn structure and unevenness.
4-It affects the yarn manufacturing method. (long or short fiber spinning)
2- THINNESS:
Another feature of the fiber is the size and shape of its cross-section (diameter). This size is also referred to as the fineness of the fiber. The size of the fiber's cross-section, ie its diameter, cannot be measured directly; given indirectly. Because very few fibers are round in cross section and have a standard diameter.
The yarn diameter is formed by the fibers coming together. Therefore, fine yarn can be obtained from fine fibers. Although the yarn number does not change, as the number of fibers in the diameter increases, strong and high quality yarn is produced. Fiber or filament thinner than 10 microns (μm) and more than 50 microns (μm) are not suitable for yarn making, thin ones can break very quickly. Thick ones produce very coarse threads.
Fiber fineness:
In natural fibers it depends on their growth and in chemical fibers it depends on the manufacturing method and is related to the place of use. This feature Different fiber finenesses in yarn manufacturing;
1- Affects spinning ability
2-It affects the yarn unevenness.
3-STRENGTH:
The resistance of the fiber against the tensions it undergoes until it turns into yarn or fabric, without breaking, is called durability. Textile fibers must have sufficient strength, that is, durability. The strength of textile fibers is affected by the atmospheric humidity of the place where the measurement is made. Generally, natural plant fibers are stronger when wet or damp. Other than that, their durability is reduced. The strongest is glass fiber. This is followed by polyamide, polyester, silk, linen, cotton, acrylic, rayon and wool.
4-BRIGHTNESS:
Gloss is formed by the reflection of light from a smooth surface. The brightness of the fiber depends on its reflection of the light falling on it. Fibers that do not reflect the incident light linearly, but reflect it by dispersing it are less bright or dull. Fibers such as cotton and wool have a less bright appearance because they reflect the light falling on them diffusely. Fibers such as linen, mercerized cotton and silk have a smooth appearance. They look shiny because they reflect.
Since the fiber production methods will be different according to the natural environment, breed and type in which it is grown, the reflection of the light falling on it will also be different. Shiny fibers are preferred in textiles.
5-SKINNING ABILITY
In order for each fiber to become a yarn, it must have the ability to be spun. This feature is due to the fact that the fibers are somewhat sticky to each other, as well as being combined in mass form.
The hidden contact tips between the fibers in a fiber bundle cause the fibers to stick together. Fiber fineness, structure of the fiber surface, applied pressure and fiber length are the factors affecting this property.
6- EXTENSION AND FLEXIBILITY:
The fiber, which is pulled by holding both ends, can stretch a little without breaking. When the fiber is released, it returns to its original state. This is called flexibility. But if more tension is applied, the fiber cannot return to its original state. It shows some elongation. If the fiber is stretched with more force than it can stretch, the fiber breaks at the end of the elongation.
If the first length is subtracted from the fiber's length at break, multiplied by 100 and divided by the first length, the percent elongation is found. "elastomer fiber" It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Elongation and elongation at break ;
It is usually related to the structure of the molecular chain. This feature;
1-It affects the working conditions.
2-It affects the use of the product due to the external forces exposed.
7-DENSITY:
Density in textile fibers is defined in two ways:
volumetric density; It is the ratio of the mass of an object to the mass of the same volume of water. The volumetric densities of textile fibers are generally greater than 1.
linear density; The weight per unit length of fiber gives it as linear density. The weight of the unit length in textile fibers and yarns is given by the numbering system.
8- HUMIDIFIER FEATURE;
It is the ability of textile fibers to absorb (absorb) liquids at a certain temperature and humidity. The amount of liquid absorbed varies according to the fiber type and the humidity of the environment. Moisture absorbing property of fibers; It is necessary for spinning, weaving, bleaching and dyeing processes. A fabric left in a damp environment collects water on it; Conversely, a damp or wet fabric loses its water in dry air (desorption). Water absorption and desorption continue until an equilibrium is established.
The faster a fiber absorbs water, the faster it dries. Among the fibers placed in an environment with the same relative humidity, wool absorbs the most moisture. Next comes silk, rayons, linen, cotton, acetate silk, polyamide and other synthetic fibers. The moisture absorption amount of glass fiber is zero. Although natural fibers absorb a large amount of moisture, they may feel dry when handled. For this reason, the amount of moisture that can be found on the fiber in trade is limited. The amount of moisture in the textile material is determined in two ways: % moisture and absolute humidity.
% Humidity:
It is the ratio of the amount of water absorbed by the textile material to the weight of the moist material.
Absolute humidity:
It is the ratio of the amount of water in the textile material to the dry material weight. The percentage of moisture on the fiber is measured with a hygrometer device.
9-HEAT AFFECTED FEATURE;
When an organic substance receives heat energy, its interaction from this energy is physical up to a certain value. After a certain temperature, chemical interaction begins to occur. The chemical effect of heat on the organic compound "combustion" It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
The reaction of the fibers to the heat energy before the combustion event is in two ways.
thermoplastic fibers,
They change shape when the temperature rises by a certain amount. First, softening is observed, and at high temperatures, melting is observed. When a certain temperature is reached, decomposition and combustion begin. Synthetic fibers and artificial fibers are in this structure.
Non-Thermoplastic
Fibers also do not change shape during temperature rise up to the burning point. All natural fibers and artificial fibers are non-thermoplastic. These fibers burn when their flash point temperature is reached, leaving some ash behind.
10-LIGHT AFFECTED FEATURE;
Light is a form of energy. For this reason, fibers, which are an organic compound, are affected by light energy over a long period of time. The fiber in this state easily reacts with air oxygen and other factors. This occurs in the form of a decrease in the degree of polymerization and, accordingly, a decrease in durability. All fibers are adversely affected by light. The duration of this effect varies according to the life. However, the duration of action is short-lived for some; some may take many years.
11-FEATURE OF AFFECTED BY CHEMICAL REAGENTS;
The fiber is affected by chemical reagents such as acids, bases and oxidizing agents, depending on the structure of the polymer that composes it. For this reason, exposure to chemical reagents differs for each fiber type.
12-ELECTRICAL FEATURE;
Static electricity occurs in textile fibers, yarn, fabric making and other processes due to friction. This makes it difficult to process the fiber and causes malfunctions in the machines. The material is moistened to eliminate these undesirable situations. Moist material conducts electricity as it is generated so that static electricity does not build up on it.
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