P.32. Explain the Effects of Air Pollution on Human Health?
C.32. Wastes such as ash and toxic gas are released from the fuels we use. Acid rain is formed as a result of the combination of toxic gases from chimneys and exhausts. Acid rain causes the destruction of vegetation and skin and lung diseases in humans.
In order to reduce environmental pollution, fuels (natural gas, hard coal) with high calorie, low ash and toxic gas output should be used.
The impact of air pollution on human health ranges from cough and bronchitis to heart disease and lung cancer. Although the negative effects of pollution are observed even in healthy people, some sensitive groups are more easily affected and more serious problems arise. One of these groups is the elderly. The elderly are more susceptible than the normal population due to the decrease in their physiological capacity and physiological defense mechanism functions, and the increase in chronic diseases. Young children are at greater risk due to incomplete defense mechanism development, higher ventilation rates per body mass unit, and too frequent contact with the external environment. Diseases that cause narrowing of the airway also increase sensitivity to pollutants. As pollution increases, exacerbations of diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) have been observed to increase. Low living standards such as crowded life, insufficient sanitation (health protection), malnutrition are also factors affecting sensitivity.
P.33. What does the Kyoto Protocol mean?
C.33. The International Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that sets various targets for industrialized countries in order to reduce the emissions (emissions) of greenhouse gases.
Q.34. What does greenhouse mean?
C.34. The system that allows the sun's rays to enter inside, limits the escape of heat to the outside and ensures that the indoor environment is warmer than the outside environment. will be It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Q.35. What is the greenhouse effect?
C.35. Gases called greenhouse gases, including water vapor in the earth's atmosphere, prevent some of the energy taken from the sun from returning to space. Thus, it causes the ground surface to heat up more than it actually is. to this event greenhouse effect It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Q.36. What does Greenhouse Gas mean?
C.36. Gases with the properties of transmitting short-wave solar radiation in the atmosphere, while holding the long-wave radiation emitted from the ground to the atmosphere greenhouse gas It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
P.37. What should be the Air Pollution Prevention Studies?
C.37.
A- Filters should be installed in the chimneys of industrial facilities.
B-High-calorie coals should be used to heat houses, chimneys and stove pipes should be cleaned every year.
C- Insulation of windows, doors and roofs should be given importance.
Ç- It should be noted that the stoves used are TSE certified.
D-The use of natural gas should be expanded and encouraged.
E-The use of smuggled coal, which has low calories and pollutes the air more, should be prevented. F-Heating and natural gas boilers should be maintained periodically.
G- It should be ensured that the heaters attend the fireman courses.
H-Central heating systems should be used in new settlements.
I-Green areas should be increased and measures to reduce air pollution in the zoning plans should be implemented.
J-Public transport vehicles should be expanded.
P.38. What is Water Pollution?
C.38. Water pollution can be defined as the deterioration of the natural balance of the water environment, mineral ratio, taste, clarity, suspended particles. Substances mixed with water change the physical, chemical and biological properties of water and cause the phenomenon called water pollution.
P.39. What is Pollution Caused by Agricultural Activities, please explain?
C.39. Pesticides (pesticides) and herbicides (herbicides) used in agricultural fields are compounds that are naturally difficult to decompose in water. Agricultural tools used in intensively cultivated lands are generally very durable, so it can take years to decompose. Unconscious use of fertilizer pollutes groundwater and surface waters, increases the hardness of drinking water, and causes the death of living things in lakes and rivers. These cause both soil pollution and pollution of water resources.
Q.40. What is erosion, explain, what are its effects?
C.40. A large amount of arable tloss of land in question. Decrease in agricultural production due to the destruction of fertile soil, deterioration of quality, deficiencies in the food chain, as well as soils carried by erosion affect the in-water ecological balance by creating turbidity in the seas and streams.
P.41. What are the wastes from production processes caused by industrial activities, please explain?
C.41.
Production process waste: Every industry has its own specific wastewater. Waste waters generated on the basis of production qualify as process wastewater.
Process wastewater; It includes various raw materials, intermediate wastes and finished product wastes. Process waters contain inorganic and organic waste materials.
Cooling waters: These waters are clean and only raise the temperature of the surface waters. As the temperature rises, two problems arise: The solubility of oxygen in water decreases. The increase in temperature accelerates the biological activity and causes a decrease in oxygen in the waste water.
P.42. Explain the wastes related to the cleaning and sanitary use of the workplace and employees?
C.42. Wastes related to the cleaning and sanitary use of workplaces and employees: 10% of this water comes from floor washing and taps, 90% comes from bathrooms and toilets. Industrial waste waters containing various chemicals have negative effects on surface waters. Therefore, it is not possible for these waters to purify themselves biologically. It should not be forgotten that excessive use of detergents, soaps and cleaning agents in homes, waste drugs, batteries, burnt oil, together with rain water, cause ground water and surface water to be polluted.
P.43. What is the pollution caused by the wastes in the settlements, please explain?
C.43. The sum of water supplied to the sewer system from human life (anthropogenic) sources is called wastewater. These are highly polluted waters where many of the scum of a settlement come together. They contain some water-soluble acids, as well as water-insoluble solids, liquids, suspensions, emulsions, and a wide variety of harmful and harmless bacteria. Such water used to be discharged into a river or a nearby lake that ran close to the sewer system.
Bacteria, especially coli bacteria, which come from human and animal intestines and are encountered in large quantities, are also found in domestic wastewater. Although disease-causing microbes in biological treatment plants are rendered harmless, they cannot be completely eliminated.
P.44. Explain the environmental effects of water pollution?
C.44. In reality, the negative role of industry on the environment is perhaps greater than any other factor. In our country, especially industrial establishments cause excessive pollution on soil and vegetation due to liquid wastes and water pollution. Water pollution increases the hardness of drinking water and even becomes rich in heavy metals, that is, “non-potable water”. Excessive use of fertilizers increases the salinity of the fields, as a result of which the area of unproductive agricultural lands expands. Detergents that are used more than necessary cause the reproduction of blue and green algae as they are given to lakes and rivers without being treated. It causes mass death in living things that feed on them. One liter of waste oil (such as cooking oil) that is not recycled pollutes one million liters of clean water.
Q.45. What are the effects of water pollution on human health, please explain?
C.45. Diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid, dysentery, hepatitis, diarrhea, polio and malaria are unfortunately caused by unhealthy water. In parallel with the need for water resources all over the world and in our country, the pollution on these resources, which are limited, is increasing.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, approximately 25 people die every day in the world due to unhealthy water use. Deadly diseases such as typhoid fever, cholera, and dysentery are transmitted to humans through water, and human health is deteriorated due to chemical substances such as ammonia and nitrite as a result of contamination of well waters by waste water and agricultural fertilizers. In addition, poisoning caused by pesticides reaching groundwater can cause human deaths.
Q.46. What are the effects of water pollution on nature, please explain?
C.46. Chemicals and organic compounds in wastewater cause a decrease in the amount of oxygen dissolved in the water. This increases the mortality rates of aquatic plants and animals. Such waters have a darker color and a foul odor. In fact, as a result of excessive pollution in some lakes or streams, the living life has ended and islets formed from wastes have formed.
Radioactive wastes are becoming more and more dangerous day by day. These wastes are stored under certain conditions, but in some cases they are accidentally or unconsciously mixed with nature and groundwater. Radiation emitted by radioactive waste causes cancer and mutations in living things.
Q.47. What measures should be taken to prevent water pollution?
C.47.
A-Solid wastes that may cause pollution in surface waters and underground waters should be destroyed by various methods.
B-The wastewater in the settlements must be disposed of after passing through the treatment stations.
C-Filters and treatment plants should be placed in the factories.
C-Materials that will not harm nature should be used in production.
D-The condition of receiving environments should be improved. For example, in bays and gulfs with low water exchange potential, some measures should be taken to increase the water circulation and dilute the pollutants less.
The dilution and natural purification potentials of receiving water environments can be exploited. For example, deep sea discharges after simple mechanical treatment may be a suitable wastewater disposal method in cases where the receiving environments have very high dilution capacity, such as on offshore coasts.
E-Farmers should be informed by experts about the correct fertilization and the negative consequences of excessive fertilizer use.
F- Short films should be prepared and published in mass media about the damage caused by excessive use of detergents to both the family budget and the environment, especially in order that housewives will be more clean.
G- Everyone should be informed about the recycling of waste drugs, batteries, and burnt oil.
H-As individuals, the people around us should be warned to be clean (like do not throw garbage on the ground).
P.48. What is industrial pollution, explain?
C.48. Industrial types whose raw material is soil have a negative effect on the soil and cause soil loss. Brick and tile industry uses the most fertile soils of 40-50 cm on the land surface as raw material. The land structure of the remaining part deteriorates and loses its ability to be suitable for agriculture. In order to operate the mines, the cover layer on the mine is removed, which causes the vegetation to deteriorate. In this case, vegetation should be enriched in order to prevent soil loss.
P.49. What are the principles for the prevention and elimination of soil pollution?
C.49.
A- It is essential to prevent soil pollution at its source.
B-All kinds of wastes and residues that harm the soil, contrary to the standards and methods determined in the Environmental Law and relevant legislation. It is forbidden to engage in activities such as directly or indirectly burying or storing land.
C-Dirty soil cannot be mixed with clean soil.
Ç-The activities or facilities where hazardous substances are used, stored, produced and wastes are produced, disposed of or recycled At the facilities, measures are taken to prevent soil pollution by taking into account the possibility of accidents.
P.50. What are the effects of erosion on soil pollution, please explain?
C.50. The destruction of vegetation increases erosion, as well as landslides, floods and avalanches. It becomes unable to feed the people living on the inefficient and destroyed agricultural lands, increasing the migration from the rural areas to the cities, causing major economic and social problems. While the destruction of pastures causes a decline in animal husbandry, it results in a decrease in income and a narrowing of job opportunities. The destruction of vegetation increases erosion as well as landslides, floods and avalanches. The fertile soils transported as a result of erosion fill the dam lakes and shorten their economic life. As a result of the climate change and the deteriorated ecological balance caused by the loss of green cover and soil, natural assets are lost and cause economic damage. Since a surface without vegetation and soil cannot absorb snow and rain water, natural water resources cannot be fed regularly and continuously. It takes thousands of years for lost ground cover to regenerate.
S.51. What is the effect of fertilizer and fertilization method on nature, please explain?
C.51.
Fertilization without knowing the soil: Fertilization without knowing the soil and analyzing what the soil needs; By using the wrong type of fertilizer, it causes the plants to burn or dry, by giving fertilizer to the wrong soil depths at an inappropriate time, it causes a decrease in yield, deterioration of soil structure and conditions, and deterioration of the plant-nutrient balance in the soil.
High farming: Nitrogen fertilizers, which are used at high rates, can mix with groundwater and rivers as a result of washing the soil and increase the nitrate level in the water.
The use of phosphorus fertilizers leads to more phosphate mixing into drinking and utility water. Excessive nitrogenous fertilizers cause an increase in nitrogen-type carcinogenic substances in plants grown in the soil.
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