Q.233. What does discipline mean in businesses?
C.233. Discipline can be defined as the power that enables the personnel to act in accordance with the workplace rules and order by believing and desiring. Discipline is essential for the smooth running of business in a business.
P.234. What does delegation of authority mean in business?
C.234. Delegation of authority is the transfer of a certain authority to lower levels by the top management. Achieving success in the business is closely related to the clear determination of authorities and responsibilities and the planned transfer of authority to lower levels when necessary.
Q.235. What is the training of employees in enterprises?
C.235. No matter what one does, if he continues to learn, he can improve himself. A similar situation applies to businesses. If you believe that you have mastered a job and that everything about the subject has been learned and the struggle is abandoned, your opponents will get ahead of you. Success requires the presence of people with the right knowledge and skills in the right place at the right time. This can be gained through education.
P.236. What does incentive measures mean in businesses?
C.236. Rewarding employees to encourage work and applying disciplinary rules when necessary will push them to work efficiently. Along with rewarding those who are successful, it is necessary to reward all employees in order to make them feel that they are important.
P.237. Why is the relationship of employees with each other important in businesses?
C.237. The positive relations between employees in a workplace are one of the important factors affecting the success of the workplace. Resources will be used more effectively, quality and production will increase, as employees in a peaceful environment will be able to show the expected success in their work. Therefore, the profit will also increase. Factors affecting the relations of employees with each other; solidarity, behavior prediction, adapting to work and environment, and common purpose organizations.
P.238. What does solidarity mean?
C.238. Solidarity is when people cooperate with each other in order to achieve a goal, and to be in a union of feelings, thoughts and interests.
Q.239. Compliance with work and environment in businesses
C.239. The rules set by the organization for those who start their working life for the first time.
All of the activities carried out for the purpose of showing appropriate behavior, establishing good relations with other employees, eliminating the lack of knowledge and skills for the personnel who change their place of duty, developing the sense of commitment to the enterprise, reducing leaving the job, and preventing misunderstandings are expressed as adaptation to the work and the environment.
P.240. What does joint-purpose organizations mean?
C.240. Common-purpose organizations are organizations that operate to realize the common goals of their members. These; organizations such as building cooperatives, unions, associations and mutual aid funds. Joint-purpose organizations are organizations that employees create with their own efforts and expenditures to meet some of their needs that cannot be met by the workplace. Employees come together in these organizations outside of working hours. Joint-purpose organizations also provide the establishment of various social, economic, cultural, political and family relations apart from the needs of their members.
P.241. What does external relations in business mean?
C.241. A business needs other people and organizations to continue its activities. The purpose of establishment of businesses is to meet the needs of people. The most important part of these relations is the relations with the customers. The other is relationships with partners.
P.242. How should businesses interact with customers?
C.242. People who buy goods or services produced by businesses are called customers. Business life; There is always competition for the market, for the regions, and most importantly for the customer. Customers' expectations are higher than ever, and the breadth of choices available to them is greater than ever. For this reason, the people who have the most contact with the customers should consist of educated, highly motivated and experienced people.
If you ask someone who is a regular customer of a business, why they always shop here: “This place is convenient, I always buy from here, should I buy from somewhere else?” will say. However, the repeat customer: “These people are amazing, they take care of me even when I'm not buying. I would definitely recommend. They do a great job.” and will make an offer for you to become a customer of that business.
Q.243. What is the relationship with partners in the business?
C.243. If a business has more than one owner, the term partners is used. Partners are not mentioned in one-person businesses. Partners are the owners of the companies. A company is a business with multiple owners.
In small businesses, relations with partners are expressed as internal relations, while in a public joint stock company, since the number of partners is high, relations with partners are expressed as external relations. It will be possible for people who do not always have the opportunity to get to know each other and the employees in the business, to direct their activities for the same purpose, with the positive human relations they have established among them and their willing work.
Q.244. What does art mean?
C.244. The appearance of a work or movement in a beautiful, developed and impressive way is enough for us to define it as an art. Fine arts, on the other hand, is a spiritual activity arising from the effort of people to express their feelings and thoughts against nature with elements such as line, color, form, sound, word and rhythm in a beautiful and effective way and with a personal style.
P.245. What does artist mean?
C.245. It is a person who performs productive activity in one of the branches of art and realizes human creation. In order to be an artist, it is necessary to capture and hold life, to transform it into memory, memory into expression, and tools into form.
Q.246. What does aesthetics mean?
C.246. A branch of science that studies art and beauty is the science of beauty or the philosophy of fine arts.
Q.247. What is a work of art?
C.247. A design made in the name of art is an object produced at the end of a process.
P.248. What does creativity mean?
C.248. To make something new from the known, to come up with a new and original synthesis means to find new solutions to some problems.
P.249. What does genius mean?
C.249. A genius is someone with extraordinary talent and creative power.
P.250. What does artistic creation mean?
C.250. Artistic creation is the reproduction of reality. The artist chooses facts that are not actually artistic and repositions them in a system other than the one in which they actually take place.
P.251. What does art theory mean?
C.251. It is the main subject and tool of aesthetics. Art theory; deals with all aspects of art, especially artists, works of art, and art consumers. It is a theory that examines the regularities and evolutions of the birth, consumption and perception and monitoring of all artistic creations, from artistic thinking to the usage arts. He makes the most of art history and criticism. art theorists; It deals with every aspect of the existence of art, from its genesis, quality, characteristics, borders, to the form and formation styles of its various types.
Q.252. What does art criticism mean?
C.252. Art criticism has been made in different dimensions since the second half of the 19th century. Art and art discussions are one of the ways of progress in the life of the social world. It is an important part of artistic culture.
The function of art criticism is to connect artistic communication with society and to make the whole system self-regulating.
Q.253. What does philosophy of art mean?
C.253. It is a branch of philosophy that seeks answers to questions such as what art and artistic creativity are, how the work of art is formed and the purpose of art. Its beginning dates back to Plato.
Philosophers have been interested in concepts related to art and aesthetics.
Q.254. What does sociology of art mean?
C.254. It is the discipline that investigates the role of social environmental conditions in the formation of a work of art. Examines the communication of artistic events with the art consumer. Art sociology gives us information that illuminates the source of art. It prepares the intellectual environment necessary for the development of artistic consciousness. It first emerged in the 19th century as a branch that studies the problems related to the field of literature. He began to be interested in other arts only in the 20th century.
Q.255. What is Art History?
C.255. It is a science that examines the development of works of art created by human beings from the beginning of life on earth to the present, by showing time and place. Art history emerged in Germany in the 19th century as a science that studies the historical development of art.
P.256. What is the effect of art on social life?
C.256. Art, artist and society interact with each other. Social life affects the artist, society and the work of art, and the work of art affects the society. The artist is fed and influenced by the characteristics of the age he lived in, the religious beliefs of his society, language and literature accumulation, lifestyles and geography, and affects the society with his works. The work of art carries the cultural, technological, social and architectural characteristics of the period in which it was made. There are environmental and personal elements that make up the work of art. Culture, language, religion and geography are environmental elements. Personal elements are intelligence, intuition, emotion and worldview.
P.257. What is fine arts, how many are divided, what are they?
C.257. Fine arts are generally divided into three: visual arts (plastic arts), auditory arts (phonetic arts), rhythmic arts (compound arts) according to what they form, what tools they use and the purposes they pursue.
P.258. What does visual arts (Plastic Arts) mean, give an example?
C.258.Arts that shape the article, appeal to the eye in general, are static due to the place where it is exhibited, and show the feature of expression with a certain moment of time or a certain time interval are called. Art branches of Painting, Graphic Arts, Photography, Sculpture, Ceramics, Architecture, Textile Design fall into this group.
p.259. What does auditory arts (Phonetic Arts) mean?
C.259. The arts of literature and music that shape the sound and speech, appeal to the ear in general, and have a dynamic feature are called auditory arts.
P.260. What does rhythmic arts (Compound Arts) mean?
C.260. Art branches that shape movement and appeal to the eye and ear in general are called rhythmic arts. Opera, ballet, dance, theater, cinema arts branches fall into this group. It is a remarkable feature that the number of artists participating in the preparation and exhibition of artworks in rhythmic arts is usually more than one. Although only one artist is involved in the exhibition of these arts, a technical team consisting of experts in the field works to prepare them. There are technical devices and mechanisms on the stages used as special exhibition spaces for rhythmic arts.
Q.261. What does hand tools used in workplaces and homes mean?
C.261. Hand tools: Apart from electrical tools and machines in the workplace, tools used based on manual dexterity are hand tools. Most of the work accidents, especially in small workplaces, are caused by the poor use of hand tools or the malfunctioning and worn out tools.
p.262. What are the precautions that can be taken against work accidents that occur during the use of hand tools?
C.262.
A-The appropriate tool should be selected for the work to be done.
B-Tools must be kept clean. The tools should be checked before use and if the heads of the striking tools are corked or burrs, they should be grinded and repaired.
C- Tools with splintered, broken or loose handles should be replaced before use.
C- Each tool should have its own storage place. Tools should be put in their places and not left in places where they can fall on or trip over workers or others. D- It is dangerous to carry especially sharp and pointed tools in pockets. Therefore, a toolbox should be used.
E- Unnecessary pressure or force should not be applied to any hand tool. F- Safety glasses should be used when chipping and similar works that will cause the pieces to fly out.
G- Since hand tools are tools that require constant maintenance, the durability of these tools should be checked at the beginning and end of almost every job.
Ğ- Care should be taken to keep only the necessary tools and tools on the workbench and to keep them in certain places. For example, measuring and marking tools on the workbench should be kept in one section, coarse tools in another section, and those that will be used continuously and occasionally in different places.
P.263. In how many groups are the hand tools in the workshops collected, what are they?
C.263.
A- Cutting tools
B- Percussion tools
C- Compression tools
Measuring and control instruments
D- Classified as marking tools.
p.264. What are the general safety Precautions for all machine tools?
C.264.
A- Before starting a job, the required professional competence must be fully obtained.
B- The features and working principles of the benches to be used should be fully known. C- All attention should be given to the machine while it is being used. Nothing else should be taken care of.
Ç- The benches used should not have electrical problems.
D- If any malfunction has occurred on the machine or if the machine is under maintenance, a warning sign must be placed on it.
E- Be careful and alert when approaching the moving parts of the benches.
F- Warning signs should be hung over the counters.
G- Doubtful matters should always be asked to the authorized person.
Ğ- The most suitable tools for the job should be used.
H- Worn and blunted tools should be replaced immediately.
I- Unused tools and materials should not be left on the work table.
The passages and passages in the workshop and the surroundings of the machines should always be kept clean and tidy.
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