p.310. How is the method of dispersing the flammable substance in extinguishing the fire by cooling?
C.310. Dispersing the combustible material: By dispersing the burning material, the high heat that causes the fire is divided, the split heat decreases and the fire gradually goes out. In fuel oil fires, this type of extinguishing is not applied as it will cause the fire to spread.
S.311. How is the strong blowing method used to extinguish the fire by cooling it?
C.311. Strongly blown air on the burning material causes the flame to extinguish and the temperature of the burning material to decrease. With this type of (by cooling) extinguishing principle, success can be achieved in initial fires. In fires that have grown or have reached certain dimensions, strong blowing will cause the fire to grow as it will provide more oxygen to the fire. For this reason, such extinguishing is not used on large fires.
p.312. In which fires is the strong blowing method not applied to extinguish the fire by cooling?
C.312. such extinguishing is not used on large fires.
P.313. In which fires is the method of dispersing the flammable substance not applied in extinguishing the fire by cooling?
C.313. In fuel oil fires, this type of extinguishing is not applied as it will cause the fire to spread.
P.314. How to extinguish the fire with the method of cutting the air?
C.314.
A-Covering: It is the extinguishing made by cutting the contact of the burning substance with oxygen by using solid materials (sand, soil, carpet, rug, etc.) and chemical compounds (foam, chlorine, nitrogen, etc.). Chemicals that cover fuel fires are used.
B-Stroke: It is the process done to cut off or reduce the contact of fire with oxygen. It is especially applied to fires occurring in closed places.
C- Elimination of combustible material: It is the extinguishing of the fire as a result of the disappearance of the flammable substance, which is one of the combustion conditions.
Q.315. What are fire extinguishing agents?
C.315.
- A-Water
- B-Sand
- C- Carbon dioxide gas (CO2)
- C- Dry chemical powder
- D- Foam
S.316. Tell us about water, which is one of the fire extinguishers?
C.316. Water: It is the most important substance among fire extinguishing agents. Water is an excellent (solid) extinguisher, especially for type A fires.
P.317. Tell us about sand, which is one of the fire extinguishing materials?
C.317. It is used to extinguish flammable materials by cutting off their relationship with oxygen. It should be ensured that the sand completely covers the combustible material at the time of use.
P.318. of fire extinguishing agents Explain Carbon Dioxide Gas (CO2)?
C.318. The carbon dioxide gas, which covers the burning material, extinguishes the fire by leaving the combustible material without oxygen. Carbon dioxide gas is kept in a liquid state under pressure, usually in steel cylinders. With this gas, it is very difficult to extinguish the fire in open areas and places where there is air flow.
P.319. of fire extinguishing agents Can you describe dry chemical powder?
C.319. One of the active substances used in fire extinguishing is dry chemical powder. Class A, B and C fires can be effectively extinguished with the help of chemical powders. Fires caused by excessive heat in materials such as wood, fabric, car tires, fires caused by the ignition of gasoline and derivatives liquids, and air gas, natural gas, etc. Dry chemical powders are used to extinguish fires that occur as a result of flammable gases coming out from under pressure.
P.320. of fire extinguishing agents Can you describe the foam?
S.320. The foam completely covers the burning surface. As a result, it cuts off contact with air and is also used as a fire extinguisher due to its cooling feature.
P.321. What should be considered in structural fire protection?
C.321.
- A- Non-combustible or non-combustible building materials should be used in buildings.
- B- Fire sections should be created in order to prevent the spread of fire.
- C- In order to prevent the spread of fumes, leaks from the wall should be prevented.
- Ç- A structure that is highly resistant to fire should be created.
- D- Short escape routes protected from the effects of fire should be provided.
- E- Igniter and combustible material sources should be separated.
- F- Fire extinguishers should be available at any time.
P.322. Organizational fire protection what should be considered?
C.322.
- A- Good building management
- B- Imposing necessary bans
- C- Frequent inspection of the fixed installation
- C- Conducting fire fighting drill
- D- Establishment of emergency lighting system
- E- Removal of unnecessary fire load
- F- Regular control of the protection system and plan
- G- Conducting field exercises on a regular basis
P.323. What should be the precautions to be taken regarding fire in homes and workplaces?
C.323.
- A-Cracked, improperly constructed or filled chimneys can cause fire. Chimneys should be cleaned regularly.
- B- Attic and basements should be kept clean,
- C- Flammable materials should be stored in a suitable place in your home or workplace.
- Ç- Attention should be paid to fires that may arise from stoves, heaters and kitchen stoves.
- D- Children should be prevented from playing with fire.
- This rule should be followed in places where e-cigarettes should not be smoked.
- F- Be very careful in welding and cutting processes.
- G- Unqualified persons should not touch the electrical equipment.
- H- Kitchens and bathrooms where LPG cylinders are located should be ventilated continuously.
- I- Taking precautions against fire in your home and workplace is not as expensive as it is thought, on the contrary, it is cheap. Moreover, since fire protection devices and equipment are manufactured with high quality and robustness, they are long-lasting and can serve for years.
Q.324. What actions should be taken when faced with fire?
C.324.
- A-Don't be alarmed.
- B- If there is a fire alarm button in the place, it should be pressed.
- C- The fire department should be informed by dialing 110 by telephone.
- Ç-Fire address should be defined according to the shortest, most accurate and obvious places known to everyone.
- D- If possible, the type of fire (building, petrol, vehicle, etc.) should be reported.
- E-Fire should be announced to the people around.
- F- The available means should be used to extinguish the fire until the fire brigade arrives.
- G-Doors and windows should be closed to prevent the spread of fire.
- H- Persons other than the officers should be prevented from entering the fire area.
Q.325. What are the points to be considered in the selection of gloves while working in the business as a requirement of the job?
C.325.
- A-Gloves should be worn on clean hands.
- B-Gloves should be put on the hand and tested for touch and grip.
- C- Appropriate size gloves should be used.
- Ç- It should be noted that while gloves provide protection against one chemical substance, they cannot provide sufficient protection against another chemical substance.
- D- Gloves should not make the hand sweaty. Otherwise, it creates difficulties in use.
- E- Before each use, the holes, wears and tears in the glove should be checked.
- F- Dishwasher gloves are not used. Such gloves are more dangerous than no gloves at all.
Q.326. What does worker mean?
C.326. A natural person working on the basis of an employment contract is called a worker.
p.327. What are the main medical approaches to prevent occupational diseases?
C.327.
- A- Recruitment examination: The aim of this examination is to place the person in a job that is suitable for their qualifications. For this, the person is evaluated medically before starting the job, and if it is inconvenient to work in this job, precaution is taken before starting the job.
- B- Intermittent control inspection: In case of technical protection applications for the purpose of controlling the risks, it may also be affected. In order to detect the occupational disease that may arise as a result of this, in the early period, the employees should be examined at regular intervals.
- C- Health education: In order to be protected from occupational diseases, it is very useful to provide training to all employees about health hazards in the workplace, occupational diseases and symptoms that these health hazards will cause, and how to protect themselves from occupational diseases.
p.328. Ventilation can be divided into groups?
C.328. Ventilation can be divided into three groups as natural, artificial and sanitary ventilation.
p.329. Ventilation can be divided into three groups as natural, artificial and sanitary ventilation. What are these?
C.329. Ventilation can be divided into three groups as natural, artificial and sanitary ventilation. These;
- A- Ventilation by means of door, window ventilation and stove chimneys,
- B- Ventilation made with tools such as aspirators, ventilation fans, and generally used in places where there is a lot of odor such as kitchens and toilets,
- C- It is the ventilation used to prevent water loss in the siphon in the sanitary installation. In addition, pipe mouth ventilation, which is a part of the sewage system, is also included in this group of ventilation.
Q.330. What does grounding mean?
C.330. The connection made between the electric tool (body) and the ground is called. Grounding the electric tools is the most suitable way to make it safe to use against electric leakage. If there is any fault or short circuit in the tool, the current is flowed from the metal body to the ground with the grounding conductor.
Q.331. What does fuse in electrical installations mean?
C.331. It is a protection device for electrical supply lines from excessive electric current and short circuit currents. This mechanism ensures the safety of electrical energy-operated tools and people by cutting the electrical current in case an electrical circuit receives excessive electrical power. The fuse can be classified as classical and automatic insurance. Today, automatic fuses are used because they are safe and do not need to be changed.
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