Q.1.What is synthetic fiber?
C.1. Synthetic fibers are fibers obtained from polymers produced by synthesis using chemical fiber spinning methods.
S.2. synthetic fibers make chemicalıhomeıAccording to how many groups are examined, write the group names?
C.2. 1-Polyester fibers
2-Polyamide fibers
3-Polyvinyl fibers
4-Polyolefin fibers
5-Polyurethane fibers.
Q.3. What are polyester fibers, write their names?
C.3. 1-Sweaty
2-Trevira
S.4. What are polyamide fibers, write their names?
C.4. 1-Nylon6
2- Nylon 6.6
3- Nylon 11
P.5. What are polyvinyl fibers, write their names?
C.5. 1-Acrylic
2-Modacrylic
3-polyvinylchloride
4-polyvinylidenechloride
5- polyvinyl alcohol
6-polystyrene
S.6. What are polyolefin fibers, write their names?
C.6. 1-Polyethylene fibers
2-polypropylene fibers
3-polytetrafluoroethylene fibers [teflon]
S.7. What is the name of the first synthetic fiber produced in the world?
C.7.Polyamide fiber (Nylon PA)
Q.8.How many types of polyamide fibers are produced most, what are their names?
C.8. There are two: Nylon 6.6 and Nylon 6
S.9. Explain the Obtaining of Nylon 6.6 Fiber ?
The starting materials of C.9.Nylon 6.6 are adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine. Adipic acid and hexamethylene have 6 carbon atoms each. The first process to obtain nylon 6.6 fiber is to allow these two materials to form long molecular chains or polymers. When these starting materials are heated in ethyl alcohol, the nylon 6.6 salt is formed. When the solution of this salt in water is kept at 215 – 220 °C in an airless environment by giving steam under pressure, polymerization begins. When the degree of polymerization reaches the desired level, 1% acetic acid is added and polymerization is stopped. Nylon 6.6 polymer, which is milky white and solidifies, is cut into small pieces and soft. eğfilament according to the spinning method is made into. These filaments are then subjected to a stretching process. If nylon 6.6 filaments are to be obtained as matte, 6.6% TiO1 is added in the form of nylon 2 salt.
Q.10. Cross-section and longitudinal view of Nylon 6.6 Fiberhow is it?
C.10. Nylon 6.6 fibers have the appearance of a smooth cylinder, a glass rod under the microscope. Its cross section is round.
S.11. Color and shine of Nylon 6.6 Fiber how is it?
C.11.Nylon 6.6 fibers are shiny, can be obtained as semi-matt or matte by adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) if desired.
Q.12. Fineness and length of Nylon 6.6 Fiber how is it?
C.12.Nylon 6.6 fibers can be produced in various lengths. Depending on the area of use, it can be in the form of filament or in the form of staples.
Q.13. Strength of Nylon 6.6 Fiber how is it?
C.13. The strength of Nylon 6.6 fibers is very high. The strength of nylon 6.6 fibers is between 4.5 – 6 gr/denier in dry form and between 4.1 – 5.2 gr/denier in wet state. There is a slight decrease in strength when wet.
Q.14. How is the moisture absorbing property of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.14.Nylon 6.6 fibers have less moisture absorbing properties compared to natural fibers. This rate varies between 4 – 4.5% under normal conditions.
Q.15. What is the friction resistance of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.15.Nylon 6.6 fibers have very good resistance to friction. However, lint problem can be encountered.
Q.16. What is the dimension-invariance property of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.16.Nylon 6.6 products have good dimensional stability when washed at low and warm temperatures. Products washed at high temperatures shrink due to shrinkage.
Q.17. What is the flexibility and springiness of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.17.Nylon 6.6 fibers have high flexibility and good springiness. Nylon 6.6 fibers can return to their original state when extended by 8%. The elongation rate of Nylon 6.6 fibers in filament varies between 26% – 32% in dry state and 30 – 37% in wet state.
Q.18. What is the volumetric density characteristic of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.18.Nylon 6.6 fibers are quite light and have a specific weight of 1.14 gr/cm³.
Q.19. How is the Nylon 6.6 Fiber's ability to be affected by chemicals? ?
C.19.Nylon 6.6 fibers are resistant to chemicals. While aqueous acids do not have a negative effect on the fibers, strong acids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid break down the fiber. Hot and cold hydrochloric acid damage the fiber. It is highly resistant to alkalis. Except for phenol, cresol and formic acid used in dry cleaning, other solvents do not harm the fiber.
Q.20. How is the resistance feature of Nylon 6.6 Fiber against environmental factors? ?
C.20.Nylon 6.6 fibers are resistant to sunlight. However, if they are exposed to sunlight for a long time, their strength will decrease slightly. Bacteria, fungus, moth and other harmful insects do not damage the fibers.
Q.21. What is the electrification feature of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.21.Nylon 6.6 fibers are charged with static electricity since their electrical conductivity is very weak. Since its electrical conductivity is very low, fibers are also used for insulation purposes in electrical materials.
P.22. How is the heat effect property of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.22.Nylon 6.6 fibers turn yellow at 150 °C. It softens at 230 °C. The melting point of nylon 6.6 fibers is around 260 °C.
S.23. What is the burning property of Nylon 6.6 Fiber? ?
C.23.Nylon 6.6 fibers do not ignite immediately when it encounters a flame, but when it starts to burn, it burns with a flame. Due to its thermoplastic feature, the fibers first soften and then melt by dripping. The ash is cream-colored, bead-shaped and hard.
Q.24. What are the usage areas of Nylon 6.6 Fiber?
C.24.Nylon 6.6 fibers are used in many areas such as clothing, indoor upholstery fabrics and industrial textiles. Dress, swimwear, sportswear, women's, men's and children's socks, underwear, jackets and shirts. Bedspreads, carpets and drapery It is used in tents, sleeping bags, fishing nets, umbrella and parachute fabrics, automobile tires and seat belts.
Q.25. What is the trade name of Nylon 6 fibers, which was introduced to the market in Germany in 1940?
C.25. Perlon L
P.26. Explain the Obtaining of Nylon 6 Fiber ?
The starting material of C.26.Nylon is 6 carbon amino caproic acid NH2(CH2)5 COOH. This material is polymerized at 260 °C under pressure using nylon 6.6 salt as catalyst. Nylon 6 polymer is melted at 220 °C and turned into filament by soft spinning method. These filaments are then subjected to a stretching process to increase their strength.
Q.27. Cross-section and longitudinal view of Nylon 6 Fiberhow is it?
C.27.Nylon 6 fibers look like a smooth cylinder, a glass rod under the microscope. Its cross section is round.
P.28. Color and shine of Nylon 6 Fiber how is it?
C.28.Nylon 6 fibers are shiny, can be obtained as semi-matt or matte by adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) if desired.
Q.29. Fineness and length of Nylon 6 Fiber how is it?
C.29.Nylon 6 fibers can be produced in various lengths. Depending on the area of use, it can be in the form of filament or in the form of staples.
Q.30. Strength of Nylon 6 Fiber how is it?
C.30. The strength of nylon 6 fibers is slightly higher than nylon 6.6. The strength of nylon 6 fibers is between 4.5 – 7 gr/denier in dry condition and 4.1 – 6 gr/denier in wet state. There is a slight decrease in their strength when wet.
Q.31. How is the moisture absorbing property of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.31.Nylon 6 fibers have lower moisture absorption properties than natural fibers. It shows the same feature as nylon 6.6 fibers. This rate varies between 4 – 4.5% under normal conditions.
Q.32. What is the friction resistance of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.32.Nylon 6 fibers have very good resistance to friction.
Q.34. What is the dimension-invariance property of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.34.Nylon 6 products have good dimensional stability when washed at low and warm temperatures. Products washed at high temperatures shrink due to shrinkage.
Q.35. What is the flexibility and springiness of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.35.Nylon 6 fibers have high flexibility and good springiness. Nylon 6 fibers can return to their original state when they are extended by 8%. The elongation rate of Nylon 6 fibers in the form of filaments varies between 23-43% in dry state and 27-34% in wet state.
Q.36. What is the volumetric density characteristic of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.36.Nylon 6 fibers are quite light and have a specific weight of 1.14 gr/cm³.
Q.37. How is the Nylon 6 Fiber's ability to be affected by chemicals? ?
C.37.Nylon 6 fibers are resistant to chemicals. While aqueous acids do not have a negative effect on the fibers, strong acids such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid break down the fiber. Hot and cold hydrochloric acid damage the fiber. Its resistance to alkalis is better than nylon 6.6. Except for phenol, cresol and formic acid used in dry cleaning, other solvents do not harm the fiber.
Q.38. How is the resistance feature of Nylon 6 Fiber against environmental factors? ?
C.38.Nylon 6 fibers have lower resistance to sunlight. If they are exposed to sunlight for a long time, their strength will decrease. Therefore, it is not recommended to be used as a curtain fabric. Bacteria, fungi, moths and other harmful insects do not damage the fibers.
Q.39. What is the electrification feature of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.39.Nylon 6 fibers are charged with static electricity since their electrical conductivity is very weak. Since its electrical conductivity is very low, fibers are also used for insulation purposes in electrical materials.
P.40. How is the heat effect property of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.40. The melting point of nylon 6 fibers is lower than nylon 6.6 fiber and is around 215 °C.
P.41. What is the burning property of Nylon 6 Fiber? ?
C.41.Nylon 6 fibers do not ignite immediately when it encounters a flame, but when it starts to burn, it burns with a flame. Due to its thermoplastic feature, the fibers first soften and then melt by dripping. The ash is cream-colored, bead-shaped and hard.
Q.42. What are the usage areas of Nylon 6 Fiber?
Although the usage areas are similar with C.42.Nylon 6.6 fibers, there are points where they differ due to some properties. Since the melting points are different, the ironing temperature to be applied is also different. Although the moisture absorption properties are the same, brighter and more vivid colors can be obtained as nylon 6 fiber is dyed more easily in some dyes. It is not used in curtain construction as it has less resistance to sunlight. Since the handle of nylon 6 is softer than nylon 6.6, it is used more especially in knitwear and in the production of textured yarns. It is used in the production of dresses, women's and children's socks, underwear, shirts, bedspreads, carpets, tents, fishing nets and automobile tires. used.
P.43. What is the UK trade name for Polyester Fibers (PES)?
C.43. Terylene and Trevira
P.44. What is the trade name of Polyester Fibers (PES) in the USA?
C.44. dacron
P.45. What is the trade name of Polyester Fibers (PES) in Germany?
C.45. Diolene
P.46. What is the trade name of Polyester Fibers (PES) in Turkey?
C.46. perylene
P.47. make polyester chemicalıhomeı bakımıHow many groups are examined, write their names?
C.47.It is examined in three groups. 1-PET fibers 2- PCDT fibers 3- Modified (new) polyester fibers.
S.48. What are PET fibers, write their names ?
C.48. Polyethylene terephthalate
S.49. What are PCDT fibers, write their names?
C.49. poly- 1.4 cyclohexyl – dimethylene – terephthalate
P.50. Explain the Obtaining of PET Polyester Fibers ?
C.50.PET polyester fibers are obtained according to two methods. In the first, ethylene glycol and dimethylterephthalate are taken as starting materials. In the second method, ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid are taken as the starting material.
The polymerized raw material is taken by cooling in the polymerization vessel and produced by cutting into small pieces. Polymers are melted at a melting point of 260 °C. Yumuşac eğinto filament by spinning method is brought. These filaments are then subjected to a stretching process to increase their strength.
P.51. What is the cross-section and longitudinal view of the polyester fiber? ?
C.51. Polyester fibers are seen as a smooth rod under the microscope. Its cross section is round.
P.52. What is the color and brightness characteristic of polyester fiber? ?
C.52.Polyester fibers are generally produced in white. Polyester fiber is glossy and can be obtained as semi-matt or matte if desired.
P.53. What is the fineness and length characteristic of polyester fiber? ?
C.53.Polyester fibers can be produced in various lengths. Depending on the area of use, it can be in the form of filament or in the form of staples.
P.54. What is the strength property of polyester fiber? ?
C.54. The strength of polyester fibers varies according to the production method. The strength of polyester fibers in filament form is between 4 and 7 gr/denier.
P.55. How is the moisture absorbing property of polyester fiber? ?
C.55.The moisture absorption property of polyester fibers is very low. This rate varies between 0.2 – 0.8% under normal conditions. Since polyester fibers can hold moisture on the surface without absorbing it, the products produced can be worn in hot weather.
P.56. How is the abrasion resistance of polyester fiber? ?
C.56.The resistance of polyester fibers against friction is very good. There may be a lint problem.
P.57. What is the dimension-invariance property of polyester fiber? ?
C.57.The dimension stability of polyester fibers, which are hot-fixed, is very good. Hot-fixed polyester fabrics can shrink at high temperatures.
P.58. How is the flexibility and springiness of polyester fiber? ?
C.58. The flexibility of polyester fibers is generally good, and the springiness is very good. The elongation rate of polyester fibers in filament varies between 15 – 30%, and 30 – 50% in discontinuous form.
P.59. What is the volumetric density characteristic of polyester fiber? ?
C.59.Polyester fibers are light fibers and have a specific weight of 1.38 gr/cm³.
P.60. How is the polyester fiber's ability to be affected by chemicals? ?
C.60. Polyester fibers are resistant to acids, dry cleaning solvents and bleaches. Strong alkalis damage the fibres.
P.61. How is polyester fiber resistant to environmental factors? ?
C.61. The resistance of polyester fibers to sunlight is better than many synthetic fibers. Prolonged sunlight can damage the fibers. It can be used as curtain fabric. Bacteria, fungi, mold, moths and other harmful insects do not damage the fibers.
P.62. What is the electrification property of polyester fiber? ?
C.62. Since the electrical conductivity of polyester fibers is very low, they are charged with static electricity.
P.63. How is the heat effect property of polyester fiber? ?
C.63. The melting point of polyester fibers is 250°C. Since polyester products do not wrinkle much, they should be ironed at low temperatures. The ironing temperature is 140 °C.
P.64. What is the burning property of polyester fiber? ?
C.64.Polyester fibers shrink and melt when exposed to flame. It leaves a chemical smell and a black soot. The ash is cream-colored, bead-shaped and hard.
P.65. Use of polyester fiberım areasWhat are I?
C.65.Polyester fibers have found a wide area of use in textiles. Various fabrics such as taffeta, organza and satin are produced from polyester fiber, which can be used alone or mixed with other fibers. Polyester fibers, which are mostly mixed with cotton fiber, can also be used with wool, acrylic, silk, viscose and linen fiber. Suits, underwear, shirts and outerwear are used in coats, coats, topcoats, bedspreads, tablecloths, pillows, duvet covers, curtain fabrics and It is used in carpet making, fishing net, automobile tires, rope, rope, sewing thread and sail cloth.
P.66. In how many main groups are the polyvinyl fibers collected?ır, write their names?
C.66. It is collected in four main groups. 1- Polyacrylonitrile fibers 2- Polyvinylchloride fibers 3- Polyvinylidene chloride fibers 4- Polyvinylalcohol fibers
P.67. What are polyacrylonitrile fibers, write their names?
C.67. Acrylic fiber, Modacrylic fiber
P.68. What are polyvinylchloride fibers, write their names?
C.68. 100% PVC fibers, polyvinylchloride copolymers, modified polyvinylchloride fibers.
P.69. Explain the Obtaining of Acrylic Fibers?
C.69. Acrylic fibers are obtained by mixing 85% acrylonitrile polymers and 15% more than one monomer. Liquid acrylonitrile is polymerized using various catalysts. The polymer is dissolved with a solvent added to it and a 25-40% polymer solution is obtained. The solvent on the fibers encountered with hot air is evaporated and the fibers in the form of filaments are hardened. Acrylic fibers are obtained by wet or dry spinning method. These filaments are then subjected to a stretching process to increase their strength.
P.70. What is the cross-section and longitudinal view of acrylic fiber? ?
C.70. The cross-section of acrylic fibers produced according to the wet spinning method is round or bean-shaped. The cross-section of acrylic fibers obtained according to the dry spinning method is peanut-shaped. Acrylic fibers with a round or bean-shaped cross-section have good springiness, while acrylic fibers with a peanut-shaped cross-section have good softness and brightness. The longitudinal appearance of acrylic fibers is smooth, twisted and striated.
P.71. What is the fineness and length of acrylic fiber? ?
C.71. Acrylic fibers can be produced in various lengths. Depending on the area of use, it can be in the form of filament or in the form of staples. In order for the fibers to be used as staple (stapel) to be more voluminous, they are folded.
P.72. What is the strength property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.72. The strength of acrylic fibers is not as high as other synthetic fibers (nylon, polyester, olefin). It is more close to natural fibers such as cotton wool fiber. The strength of acrylic fibers is between 2 – 3.6 gr/denier.
S.73. How is the moisture absorbing property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.73.Acrylic fibers have low moisture absorption properties. This rate varies between 1 – 2.6% under normal conditions. Although acrylic fibers have low moisture absorption properties, micro fibers have high water retention properties on their surfaces.
S.74. What is the abrasion resistance feature of acrylic fiber? ?
C.74. The resistance of acrylic fibers to friction is not good.
S.75. What is the dimension-invariance property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.75.Size stability of acrylic fibers is not good. There is no change in the dimensions of the polyester fibers applied hot fixation process. Steam may cause changes in the dimensions of acrylic products.
S.76. How is the springing property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.76.The flexibility of acrylic fibers is lower than other synthetic fibers, and the springiness varies from good to very good according to the type of fiber. The elongation rate of acrylic fibers varies between 20-36%. Acrylic fiber can stretch 1% when extended by 95%.
S.77. What is the volumetric density characteristic of acrylic fiber? ?
C.77. The specific gravity of acrylic fibers varies between 1.14 – 1.19 gr/cm³.
S.78. How is the acrylic fiber's ability to be affected by chemicals? ?
C.78.Acrylic fibers are resistant to acids other than nitric acid. Especially dense and hot alkalis damage the fiber. Solvents used in dry cleaning can cause the fiber to harden. Resistant to bleaches other than chlorine bleaches.
P.79. What is the durability of acrylic fiber against environmental factors? ?
C.79. The resistance of acrylic fibers to sunlight is quite good. Bacteria, fungi, mold, moths and other harmful insects do not damage the fibers.
P.80. What is the electrification property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.80.The electrical conductivity of acrylic fibers is low because it absorbs less moisture. For this reason, acrylic products encounter the problem of static electricity.
P.81. How is the heat effect property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.81.Acrylic fibers do not have a certain melting point. Its melting point varies between 215 - 255°C. Very high temperatures may cause a change in the color of the products. The ironing temperature should be 110 °C.
P.82. What is the burning property of acrylic fiber? ?
C.82.When the acrylic fibers meet the flame, they melt and burn. It continues to burn after the flame is removed. It leaves a chemical smell and a black soot. The ash is hard black and shapeless.
P.83. Use of Acrylic Fibersım AreasWhat are I?
C.83.Acrylic fibers can be used alone or mixed in various garments and home textile products. Acrylic fibers have come to a sought-after position in the market, as their handle is similar to wool fiber, they are light and they are easier to care for than wool. By producing bulky yarns from acrylic fibers, it is widely used especially in knitting surface production and knitting industry. Sweaters, dresses, socks, hand knitting yarns are used in children's clothing and some sportswear (especially ski). Imitation fur fabrics can also be produced from acrylic fibers. It is used in the production of drapery and upholstery fabrics, blankets and carpets. Acrylic fiber is used in the production of ski suits.
S.84. Explain Modacrylic Fibers?
C.84. The fiber containing 35-85% acrylonitrile in its composition is called modacrylic fiber. In addition to acrylonitrile, modacrylic fibers contain vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and vinyl disayinide as comonomers. The fibers are produced according to the dry or wet spinning method. Modacrylic fibers do not have good strength and resistance to friction.
The springing ability and stretching properties of the fibers are good. It is a cast lift. Their resistance to sunlight is very good. It has good resistance to chemicals and flame. Moisture absorbing properties of modacrylic fibers are very low, varying between 0,4 – 3%. Due to friction, the problem of hairiness in the fibers may be encountered. Modacrylic products should be ironed at 110 °C and below.
P.85. In how many main groups are the polyvinylchloride fibers collected?ır, write their names?
C.85. It is collected in three main groups. 1- 100% PVC fibers 2- polyvinylchloride copolymers 3- modified polyvinyl chloride fibers.
S.86. Tell us about 100% PVC fibers ?
C.86. By adding plasticizer to 100% polyvinylchloride, 100% PVC fibers are obtained. It is used in firefighter's suits, tents, fishing nets, non-woven surfaces and industrial textiles such as sails due to its fire resistance, non-flammability and resistance to chemicals.
P.87. Describe vinyl chloride copolymers?
C.87. These fibers are used in special areas such as various filters and net weaving due to their flame retardancy and high resistance to chemical substances.
P.88. Explain the modified polyvinylchloride fibers ?
C.88. By changing the chemical structure of polyvinyl chloride, the amount of chlorine in it is increased. As a result, some properties change. It is used in the production of tents, tarps, awnings and various filters due to its flame retardancy and non-flammability properties.
P.89. Describe polyvinylidenechloride fibers?
C.89.It is defined as fibers drawn from polymer material containing at least 80% vinylidene chloride in its composition. Their resistance to sunlight is very good. It is easy to wash, clean and stain resistant. This Due to its properties, it is used in automobile upholstery and outdoor upholstery.
P.90. Tell us about polyvinylalcohol fibers?
C.90. These fibers are obtained according to the wet spinning method. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers are used in the manufacture of various filters, fishing nets and sportswear. It is also used in making scarves and scarves by mixing with cotton, viscose and silk fibers.
P.91. In how many main groups are the polyolefin fibers collected?ır, write their names?
C.91. It is collected in three groups. 1- polyethylene fibers 2- polypropylene fibers 3- polytetrafluoroethylene fibers (teflon)
P.92. Explain the Obtaining of Polypropylene Fibers?
C.92. It is obtained by polymerization of propylene, which is a petroleum product, with suitable catalysts under 25 – 30 atmospheres pressure at 100 °C. Today, polypropylene fibers are obtained according to the soft drawing or smooth drawing method (film splitting technique).
P.93. Cross-section and longitudinal view of Polypropylene FibersWhat are the job features?
C.93. The cross-sections of polypropylene fibers are generally round, and their longitudinal appearance is cylindrical. The fiber surface appears smooth.
P.94. Color and brightness of Polypropylene Fibers What are the features?
C.94.Polypropylene fibers are produced as colorless. During production, the desired color fiber can be obtained by dyeing the polymer liquid.
P.95. Fineness and length of Polypropylene Fibers What are the features?
C.95.Polypropylene fibers can be produced in various lengths. Depending on the area of use, it can be in filament form or in staple form.
P.96. Strength of Polypropylene Fibers What are the features?
C.96. The strength of polypropylene fibers is high. The strength of polypropylene fibers is between 3 – 5 gr/denier.
P.97. Moisture Absorption of Polypropylene Fibers What are the features?
C.97.Polypropylene fibers do not absorb any moisture into their bodies. Since it does not absorb moisture, it is not affected by water-borne stains. When the polymer solution is colored, it can be dyed.
P.98. Friction resistance of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.98. The resistance of polypropylene fibers to friction is very good.
p.99. Dimensional stability of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.99.Size stability of polypropylene fibers is excellent. At temperatures above 120°C, products shrink.
p.100. Flexibility and springiness of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.100.The flexibility of polypropylene fibers is very good, but the springiness is not good.
P.101. Volumetric density of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.101. The specific gravity of polypropylene fibers is very low and is 0gr/cm92. This indicates that the fiber is lighter than water.
P.102. Polypropylene fibers being affected by chemical substances What are the features?
C.102. The resistance of polypropylene fibers to acids and alkalis is good. Solvents used in dry cleaning can damage the fiber. So washing is better and recommended.
S.103. Resistance of polypropylene fibers to environmental factors What are the features?
C.103. If polypropylene fibers are exposed to sunlight for a long time, the fiber will be damaged. Bacteria, fungi, mold, moths and other harmful insects do not damage the fibers.
P.104. Electrification of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.104.Polypropylene fibers have low electrical conductivity. Since they do not absorb moisture, static electricity problem is encountered in the products. This problem can be solved with finishing operations.
p.105. Heat effect of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.105. The melting point of polypropylene fibers is around 170 °C.
P.106. Combustion of polypropylene fibers What are the features?
C.106.Polypropylene fibers melt by burning when exposed to flame. After the flame is removed, the fibers are self-extinguishing. A chemical odor or paraffin odor emerges. Leaves a black soot. The ash is quite hard.
P.107. Use of polypropylene fibersım areasWhat are I?
C.107.Polypropylene fibers have a wide range of uses in various garments, upholstery fabrics, carpets and industrial areas. It can be used alone or mixed with other fibers. It is used in underwear, socks, children's clothing, in the production of various yarns, especially in sportswear because the fiber does not absorb moisture and is resistant to friction. Polypropylene fibers replace jute and similar fibers in the production of blankets, carpets and ropes. Polypropylene fibers are especially used in carpet and upholstery fabrics. It is used by mixing with wool fibers in blanket making. It is used in the production of various filter papers, fishing nets and belts. Polypropylene fibers are also used in yacht upholstery and in the automotive sector.
Q.108. Describe the polyethylene fibers?
C.108.Polyethylene fibers are obtained as a result of polymerization of ethylene gas. It is obtained according to the soft spinning method. Many properties of the fibers are similar to polypropylene fiber. The melting point and elongation ability of polyethylene fibers are lower than polypropylene fiber. This fiber is not of great importance in the textile industry. It is used more effectively in the plastic and packaging industry. Polyethylene fibers are used in protective fabrics, ropes, sailcloths, nets, ropes, filters, automobile and aircraft upholstery against chemical substances.
P.109. Explain polytetrafluoroethylene fibers ( Teflon ) ?
C.109. Obtained by polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene gas under high pressure with water. It is used in the production of protective fabrics against fire and chemical reagents, packaging material, filter cloths, conveyor belts, coating materials and medical materials. It is also used in space suits.
P.110. Tell us about Polyurethane Fibers?
C.110. Polyurethane is obtained from the reaction of glycol and diisocyanate compounds. This fiber was first produced in Germany. Since these fibers, which were first produced, were hard-handled, their use in textiles did not become widespread. Polyurethane fibers with very high flexibility are included in the group of elastomer fibers.
Q.111.How many structures of elastomeric polymers can be obtained from Spandex fibers, write their names?
C.111.Polyether and polyester.
Q.112.What does Spandex mean?
C.112. Fibers that contain at least 85% elastomer polymer in their composition are called Spandex.
S.113. Spandex What is the trade name of Polieter ?
C.113.Lycra
S.114. Spandex What is the trade name of polyester?
C.114. Vyrene
S.115. In how many ways are lycra yarns generally offered for use, what are their names, how are they obtained?
C.115
.It is in two ways
1- Plain (bare filament) lycra yarns: After obtaining fiber drawing from polymer melt
It is a filament lycra yarn that can be used.
2-Coated lycra yarns: These are yarns coated by wrapping various fibers (cotton, polyester, nylon, etc.) on lycra in filament form.
Q.116. What are the synthetic fiber recognition tests?
C.116. 1 Combustion test 2-Microscope test 3-Chemical solubility test 4-Dry distillation test
P.117. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyamide fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.117.Longitudinal View : Polyamide fibers have the appearance of a smooth cylinder, a glass rod under the microscope.
Cross section : Its cross section is round.
S.118. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyester fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.118. Longitudinal View : Polyester fibers appear as a smooth rod under the microscope.
Cross section : Its cross section is round.
P.119. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of acrylic fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.119.Longitudinal View : The longitudinal appearance of acrylic fibers is smooth, twisted and striated..
Cross section : The cross-section of acrylic fibers produced according to the wet spinning method is round or bean-shaped. The cross-section of acrylic fibers obtained according to the dry spinning method is peanut-shaped.
S.120. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of modacrylic fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.120.Longitudinal View : The longitudinal appearance of modacrylic fibers is rough and longitudinally striated..
Cross section : Its cross section is serrated, U-shaped or peanut-shaped.
S.121. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyvinyl chloride fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.121.Longitudinal View : Their longitudinal view is smooth.
Cross section : Its cross section is close to round.
P.122. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polypropylene fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.122. Longitudinal View : Their longitudinal view is cylindrical. The fiber surface appears smooth.
Cross section : Their cross-sections are generally round.
P.123. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyethylene fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.123.Longitudinal View : Their longitudinal view is straight and their tops smooth.
Cross section : Its cross section is circular.
P.124. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyvinylalcohol fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.124.Longitudinal View : Their longitudinal view is straight and smooth.
Cross section : Its cross section is in the shape of a flat bean.
S.125. What are the longitudinal and transverse views of polyurethane fibers (nylon, perlon rilsan)?
C.125.Longitudinal View : Their longitudinal view is smooth.
Cross section : Its cross section is generally round.
Q.126. What is the basis of solvent preparation suitable for fiber type in chemical solubility test?
C.126. The chemical solubility test is based on determining whether the fiber is dissolved in a certain solvent.
P.127. Explain the Reactions of Synthetic Fibers in Solvents ?
C.127.Solvents are used sequentially. Each thawing process is evaluated as fiber dissolved or undissolved. For each examination, a sufficient amount of fiber samples are taken again. If the solubility cannot be clearly stated during the thawing process, it is necessary to specify the fiber sample in both the soluble and insoluble groups until a definite decision about the solubility of the fiber is made.
P. 128. Explain the chemical solubility test of polyamide fibers ?
C.128.Polyamide fibers (nylon 6.6 and nylon 6.): Polyamide fibers are completely soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, concentrated hydroxyc acid, concentrated nitrate acid, 98 – 100% formic acid, 80% phenol in hot and cold temperatures. It is completely soluble in 6N hydrochloric acid and 96% acetic acid in heat. In addition, nylon 6 fiber dimethyl formamide is completely soluble in heat.
P.129. Explain the chemical solubility test of polyester fibers?
C.129.Polyester fibers: Polyester fibers are completely soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid in hot and cold temperatures. It is completely soluble in heat in 0 – dichlorobenzene, dimethyl formamide and 80% phenol. In concentrated nitric acid, it agglomerates and disintegrates in heat.
P.130. Explain the chemical solubility test of polyvinylchloride fibers ?
C.130. Polyvinylchloride fibers: Polyvinylchloride fibers are completely soluble in dimethyl formamide, methylene chloride and cyclohexanone in hot and cold temperatures. It is completely soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid, chloroform, o - dichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene, dioxane, acetic acid ester and 80% phenol in hot. It completely decomposes in the solvents of benzene, toluene and xylene.
P.131. Explain the chemical solubility test of polyvinidene chloride fibers ?
C.131.Polyvinylidenechloride fibers: Polyvinylidenechloride fibers are completely soluble in Cyclohexanona in hot and cold temperatures. It is completely soluble in hot solvents such as concentrated sulfuric acid, toluene, xylene, monochlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, dioxane, dimethyl formamide and 80% phenol.
P.132. Describe the chemical solubility test of polyacrylonitrile fibers (nylon 6.6 and nylon 6.)?
C.132.Polyacrylonitrile fibers (orlon, droclon) fibers: Polyacrylonitrile fibers are completely soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitrate acid in hot and cold temperatures. Dimethyl formamide is completely soluble in heat. In 40% potassium hydroxide solution, its color changes in cold, whereas in 80% phenol, it clumps in heat and loses its fiber structure.
P.133. Explain the chemical solubility test of polyethylene fibers ?
C.133. Polyethylene fibers: Polyethylene fibers are completely soluble in carbon tetra chloride, solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene, o - dichlorobenzene, monochlorobenzene in hot.
Q134. How is the result of dry distillation of polyamide fibers?
C.134.Polyamide fibers :
Litmus paper : Basic
PH: 10 - 11
Q135. What is the result of dry distillation of polyester fibers?
S.136.polyester fibers
Litmus paper : Acidic
PH :3-4
Q135. What is the result of dry distillation of acrylic fibers?
S.135. acrylic fibers
Litmus paper : Basic
PH : 10 – 11
Q136. What is the result of dry distillation of polyvinylchloride fibers?
C.136. Polyvinylchloride fibers
Litmus paper : Acidic
PH :2-3
S.137. What is the result of dry distillation of polyvinylalcohol fibers?
C.137. Polyvinyl alcohol fibers
Litmus paper: Unpainted
PH :3-4
S.138. What is the result of dry distillation of polyethylene fibers?
C.138. polyethylene fibers
Litmus paper : Weakly Acidic
PH :5-6
S.139. What is the dry distillation result of polypropylene fibers?
C.139. Polypropylene fibers
Litmus paper : Weakly Acidic
PH :6-7
S.140. What is the result of dry distillation of polyurethane fibers?
C.140.polyurethane fibers
Litmus paper : Basic
PH :10-11
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