FEE PLAN
In weaving, the warp threads in the frames according to certain rules power from your eyes ve between the comb teeth to the process of passing levy It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
The drawing process
- First stage power draw
- The second stage is carding.
Both of these processes need to be shown in a plan system. Drawing plan, strength and carding plan represents.
drawing plan
It shows at least how many frames a weave can be woven and which warp should take place in which frame. It is located at the top or bottom of the knitting on the pattern paper.
drawing plan
It is drawn based on the report of the weave to be woven. The basic rule in drawing-in plan is to determine the warps that make the same movement (same connection type or same warp thread movement) in the knitting pattern and to indicate that these warps belong to the same frame.
The dots shown with solid on the pattern paper indicate that the warp thread passes over the weft thread. Empty dots indicate that the weft thread passes under the warp thread.
For example;
- The odd-numbered (1.3.5.7...) warp threads that make up the plain weave are gathered in the same frame as they make the same movement, that is, the same connection.
- Similarly, even numbered (2.4.6.8...) warp threads form groups and take place in a separate frame.
Since there are two different warp movements in the plain weave pattern, the plain weave is woven with at least two frames. In this case, the number of frames required for any weave to be woven is equal to the number of different warp movements in the weave pattern. The method generally used in drawing the drawing-in plan on the pattern paper is to place the drawing-in plan on the knitting pattern and leave a line for each frame. The square at the intersection point of the column showing the warp thread and the row showing the frame it belongs to is filled in. The same process is repeated for all warps in the knitting pattern and drawing-in plan is drawn.
While drawing the drawing-in plan, the numbering of the frames can be done in two ways, depending on how the weaving machine or sample loom works.
When the numbering is done starting from the frame furthest from the fabric, on the pattern paper, each row from top to bottom represents a frame. The square at the intersection point of the column showing the warp thread and the row showing the frame it belongs to is filled in.
When the numbering is done starting from the frame closest to the fabric, each row from bottom to top represents a frame on the pattern paper. The square at the intersection point of the column showing the warp thread and the row showing the frame it belongs to is filled in.
The warps that make the same movement while creating the drawing-in plan can be distributed to more than one frame in order to reduce the load on the frame. In other words, if we divide the total number of warp threads by the number of frames to be used, we will have determined the warp threads per frame. In this case, the number of frames should be a multiple of the number of warps in the knitting pattern. For example, the plain weave can be woven with 2, 4, 6... frames instead of 8 frames. However, warps with different connection types cannot be gathered in the same frame.
CARD PLAN
The reed plan shows how many warp threads the reed must pass through a tooth space. The carding plan is located between the drawing plan and the knitting report on the pattern paper. In the reed plan, each square of the pattern paper in the horizontal direction represents a warp thread. The squares are filled side by side as much as the number of wires that will pass through a tooth cavity. Two lines are used throughout the knitting pattern so that the two adjacent tooth spaces do not mix.
If two squares side by side are shown as filled; During the carding process, two warp wires will be taken from each tooth space.
If one square is shown as full; It was stated that one warp wire should be taken from each tooth cavity while the carding is being done.
The number of wires passing through the tooth cavity is usually selected in accordance with the knitting pattern. For example; for a plain weave fabric, this number might be 2, for a 1/2 twill weave fabric, and 3,5 for a 5-ply satin weave fabric. Apart from this, criteria such as warp density, desired fabric feature and yarn feature are also taken into consideration. For example; For the proper distribution of warp threads in tulle and organza type fabrics, it is appropriate to take one wire from each tooth cavity. In some fabrics, it may be necessary to create different warp densities in different areas of the fabric width. In this case, the number of wires passing through the tooth cavity does not remain constant while the card is drawing in. It changes to produce a repetitive carding report.
DOVE PLAN
The first basic movement for the weaving process is to open the shed.
The shed is the space formed between two warp groups as a result of the movement of the frames and the fact that some of the warp threads are up and some are down.
The weft thread passed through the shed stays under the upper warps and above the lower warps. In this way, the connection between the warp and weft thread is provided and the weaving weave is formed. Frame movements must be linked to knitting.
Dobby plan; It is the plan showing the up and down movements of the frames in accordance with the knitting report and drawing-in plan according to the weft order to be thrown on the weaving loom.
The dobby plan is drawn on the basis of the report and drawing-in plan of the weave to be woven. The different warp movements that make up the knitting pattern are determined and brought together. The dobby plan is transferred to the pattern paper, on the right side of the knitting pattern, in a way that the different warp movements that make up the knitting pattern are arranged from left to right. In order to carry the warp movements in the same direction ayna drawing is used. The mirror is drawn from bottom to top or from top to bottom according to the frame numbering in the drawing plan.
Three methods are used to create a dobby plan.
- 1-Right Dobby
- 2-Left Dobby
- 3-Mirror Dobby
RIGHT DOVE PLAN
The right dobby plan is located on the right side of the drawing plan on the pattern paper. The warp movements in the knitting pattern are read from bottom to top and drawn from right to left. Repetitive warp movements are included in the dobby plan only once. In the dobby plan, the columns indicate the wefts and the rows the frames. Columns showing wefts are numbered from right to left, lines showing frames are numbered from top to bottom. The frame or frames that must be above for each weft thread are indicated by solid squares in the dobby plot.
LEFT DOOR PLAN
It is located on the left side of the drawing plan on the pattern paper. The warp movements in the knitting pattern are read from bottom to top and drawn from left to right. Columns showing wefts different from the right dobby plan are numbered from left to right.
MIRROR DOVE
It is located on the right side of the knitting on the pattern paper. Squares, which are as many as the number of frames and called mirrors, are drawn on the right side of the drawing. The warp movements in the knitting pattern are read from the bottom up, respectively, and drawn from the bottom up with the help of a mirror. The task of the chuck is to align the warp movements between the drawing-in and dobby plan.
TYPES OF SEED
- 1-ROW DRAWN (FLAT DRAWN)
- 2- JUMP SEARCH (AMALGAM TAHAR)
- 3-BROKEN DAMAGE:
- 4-GROUP TAHAR:
- 5-MIXED DRAWN:
- 6-SATIN JUMP TAILING:
- 7-DOUBLE LAYER (TWO WAY) DRAWING
1-ROW DRAWN (FLAT DRAWN)
It is the simplest, easiest and most used type of drawing-in. It means that each warp yarn in the knitting report is passed through the strengths in the same order. In other words, the first warp thread of each pattern repeated across the width of the fabric is passed from the first strengths in the first, and the second warp yarns are passed from the first strengths in the second frame, and when the pattern is finished, in the same way, the second yarn is passed through the second strengths in the second pattern and the third strengths in the third pattern. It is continued until the warp threads are finished and drawing-in is completed. Due to its sequential and smoothness, this drawing-in is used in the industry. Flat Drawing also called.
2-JUMP SHARING (AMALGAM TAHAR):
This type of yield is more plain and its derived rips and panama used in knitting. Although two frames seem to be sufficient since there are only two different movements in these weaves, 4 or 8 frames are generally used because of the increase in breaks due to the excessive friction of the warp yarns with each other in the up-and-down movements for the formation of the shed.
In addition, in some weaving looms, the frames are moved with an eccentric. In this type of workbenches, the first and second, third and fourth frames move together.
For example, if row drawing-in is used on such benches, the first and the second; The third and fourth warp threads (due to the eccentric movement of the frames) will make the same movement. However, the first and third, second and fourth warp threads must move together. Here in this type of looms, the second warp thread is in the third frame; The third warp thread is also passed through the forces in the second frame. Thus, the type of drawing-in that occurs when the warp threads are passed through the forces in the first, third, second and fourth frames respectively. jump tahar It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
This draft is commonly applied to all 8 frames. This practice is generally seen in double panama knitting. Since the two warp threads move together in this knitting, the possibility of warps entangling to the right and left of each other increases if the row is drawn-in.
However, since the control places will be different in the up and down movements of the warp threads in the 8-frame skip drawing, their tensions will also be different and thus they will be prevented from tangling to the right and left of each other.
In fact, since this method is not completely sufficient to prevent the warps from entangling to the right and left of each other, it is practically not used for this purpose.Satin hoppingAnother type of drawing called " is applied.
Especially if there is a color effect on the fabric; Since the measures described above will be quite insufficient, it will be necessary to use a double comb or pass two wires through the teeth with this drawing.
3-BROKEN DAM
Herringbone, broken twill, etc. It is seen that some yarns move together in a certain order to the right and left of a default axis in the knitting pattern.
Since the warp threads that make the same movement as the drawing-in requirement will be passed through the forces in the same frames, the drawing-ins formed in this way Broken Tahar is called. The broken paths formed in the drawing are in harmony with the ones in the braids.
4-GROUP TAHAR
As a backdrop in fabric using different weaves, or ways and decorations in the warp direction with various weaves If it is desired to be done, it is a more correct approach to draw in each knitting separately, even if there are similar movements to prevent confusion in such cases. Then, according to the weaves used together, it is arranged separately in groups. Group Tahar It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
5-MIXED DARE
Although some weaves have very large warps and many warp wires that make the same movement, their positions in the weave are not in an order that would allow them to be grouped.
Generally in braids like crepes In such cases, other drawing-in types cannot be used because they require the number of frames that weaving looms cannot have. This type of knitting is drawn with the principle of passing the warp threads that make the same movement through the same frames.
Here is the type of soil that is created under these conditions and gives a mixed appearance. Mixed Tahar It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
Undoubtedly, this type of drawing-in will cause difficulties in the correct binding of the warp threads that break during the weaving of the fabric.
6-SATIN JUMP TAIL
The warp threads are passed through the frames according to the satin weave pattern.
7-DOUBLE LAYER (TWO WAY) DRAWING
It is a drawing-in system used to reduce friction in fabrics that require two or more warp beams, because the milking speeds of the warp threads are different in fabrics reinforced in warp direction. Drawings of two different warps are shown in two rows on top of each other with a space between them.
NOZZLE:
It is the gap that occurs between the warp threads that are lifted up and the warp threads that are not raised as a requirement of the knitting, and that serves to pass the weft thrown through the shuttle, projectile, needle, greifer. NOZZLE It called.
What are impacted teeth?
When one or more teeth fails to grow in the correct position and is therefore held below the normal gum line, it is called an impaction. This can be complete, such as completely unerrupted (buried) third molars (wisdom teeth) or partial when just part of the tooth is visible in the mouth.
Why are impactions important?
For best function and appearance the teeth should grow in a healthy alignment. When one or more teeth is impacted, this can affect the function of that tooth but also the function and appearance of other teeth.
Whether all impactions should be treated is still controversial and your dentist and oral and maxillofacial team can explain the advantages and disadvantages or treatment for you, which is usually surgical.
According to the mouth opening method;
1-UPPER MOUTH
2-LOWER MOUTH
3-UPPER AND LOWER MOUTH
According to the positions of the warp threads when the weft threads are compressed into the fabric;
1-OPEN MOUTH
2-CLOSED MOUTH
3-CROSSED MOUTH
COMB TYPES
There are different types of combs used in various productions. These; It can be counted as profiled comb, split comb, leno comb, corrugated comb and moving comb.
Profiled comb:
It is a channel reed that provides ease of weft insertion in air jet and water jet weaving machines.
Split comb;
It is a special reed used in high speed weaving machines. The compartments are divided into two as upper and lower so that the weft thread can pass from the back of the comb.
Leno comb:
It is a weaving reed consisting of sequentially successive full and half-length braces. Half-length threads have holes through which the crossing threads pass.
Corrugated comb;
It is a special comb in which the teeth in groups approach each other up and down in order. It provides a wavy appearance on the fabric.
movable comb:
In weaving machines with shuttle, if the shuttle is left in the shed, it is the reed type that goes backwards with the effect of the pressure created by the shuttle. This backward movement of the comb activates the mechanism that stops the machine. It also prevents warp breakouts. In addition to these combs, there are also combs for special textured fabrics.
Carding errors are usually caused by the warp threads being passed through the card in an incorrect order. It appears as a gap or bulge in the fabric that continues along the ball, in which case the pattern is distorted. It is a type of error that can be corrected immediately when noticed. In addition, the warp thread passed through the wrong thread breaks in a short time or breaks the warps next to it.
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