S.1. What does Pre-Treatment mean?
C.1.
pre-treatmentşprocesses, the beginning of textile finishingşlongıcıin, diği decencyşget readyırlıand beautify the appearance of the productşdo it to kickıforeign in the productı take away itemsştırma işcalled all of them.
S.2. Which properties of the textile material are improved by the pre-finishing processes?
C.2.
A-Appearance (paint, print, glossştırma, matlaştırm etc.)
B-Attitude (softşthrow hardşraise, resurrectşslither, slipştırm etc.)
C-Useım features ( easy to iron, power holdşur, water repellent, non-shrink etc.)
S.3. After the properties of the textile material are improved with the pre-finishing processes, what is the increase in the product and for which processes is it ready?
C.3. this işAs a result of the operations, the hydrophilicği increases. painting, printı, like finishing next işpleasure for realmsıbecomes r.
S.4. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessWhat is the purpose of making them?
C.4.
in cotton fiberğforeign substances such as wax, pectinı lighten the appearance of substancesımtıNot only does it make it tougher, it also gives the fiber a hydrophobic (water repellent) feature.
Finishing such as dyeing, printing and finishingşmake your actionsıforeign material on the cotton material so that it canı remove substancesştırıas hydrophilicğget down (water-loving, water-absorbent)ırılması must.
Thus, the fiber's dyestuff andğbe able to take chemical substancesğdamnbusiness It happens.
S.5. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessWhat are the lems, write in items?
C.5.Incineration-Sizing-Basic işlems (with hydrofillşspinning) - of cotton productsğArticleılmasI - the mercerization
S.6. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessCan you explain the burning process, which is one of the lemmas?
C.6.
don't burnşlem, sandş pile layer onını aim to destroy (hairs)ıdo it withılır.
pile layerının disappearı as a result of the sandş gave a smoothness to its surfaceırılmbusiness It happens.
Ayrıthe warp threads in the weaving circleğslideştırmak (strength gainedırmak) and slipperyştıdo it forıhuh llama result in sandş stay on itbusiness what's upşprimeı get rid of the stuffştırılmasıwhat helpımcı Kindly.
S.7. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessCan you explain the desizing process, which is one of the
C.7.
Kumaşhomeın touchı sırasıwarp threads, shuttleğcommuting andğsnow with mechanical forces snow either stayır.
To protect these yarns to a certain degree and to prevent breakageını in order to reduce llama işapply the ruleır.
Ha l materials are hydrophobic (water-repellent= water-repellent)ğhas e.
Ayrıca gives the textile material a hard and anti-shedding attitude.
For these reasons, the ha on cotton product lın must be eliminated.
Ha l disassembly işAs a result of the treatment, the fibers gained hydrophilic properties.ırılır and hardness of the productği have been fixedş It happens.
S.8. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessBasic processes (with Hydrofillştell me
C.8.
basic işthe basis of the problemı; all foreign matter in and on the cotton fibersı remove substancesştırılmasıbased on treating raw cotton products with alkaline solutionır.
basic işAs a result of the treatment, the product becomes highly water absorbent (with hydrophilicşme).
Ayrıforeign in ca fibersı substances awayştLIGHTfrom and from fibersğa k of al dyestuffsısmı brownştuğof flour, raw clothımtıRak color is also a little lightılır, with white r.
S.9. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessCotton products, which are one of theğArticleılması tell me?
C.9.
Cotton products are wrapped in raw formımtıIt has a dark color. both in white useıwaresın need to be painted and printedıof cotton productsğArticleılması is necessary. Ağincrease paintın liveılLIGHT and shineLIGHT required for The most important cotton ağboosters şflourdır:
H2O2 and Na2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide)
NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite)
NaClO2 (sodium chloride)
S.10. Cellulose Basedı Pre-Treatment Applied to Products BusinessTell me about mercerization, which is one of the worlds?
C.10.
Mercerization, onlyıonly cotton fiberıa peculiarşcotton thread, woven or knitted fabricşstay in theıcı a shineık wonıpre-treatment işlem.
Kalıcı brightLIGHTn sideıin this işstrength with lem, yıbleeding, size tooğişbuy anti-slip and dyestuffımı increases.
Refine the appearance of the productşaim gıcırtılı an attitude is obtained.
Mercerizedşlemi, cotton fabric strong sayğThoroughly impregnate with uk lye and lower tensionıSudkosti with water while you're atği go awayştıstabilize the rake şactualize asşis raised.
Q.11. How many origins are the protein fiber group divided into, what are their names?
C.11. Protein fiber group is divided into 2. It is examined in two parts as hair origin and secretory origin.
Q.12. What is the special name of the protein that makes up the hair-based wool?
C.12. Keratin
Q.13. What is the special name of the protein that forms the secretory silk?
C.13. It is fibroin.
Q.14. What is the building block of animal fibers?
C.14. It is protein.
S.15. Pre-Treatment Applied to Woolen Products BusinessWhat are their issues, write?
C.15. woolıbleedingı -Carbonization of woolen products- Whitening of woolen productsılmasI- listening
S.16. Pre-Treatment Applied to Woolen Products BusinessWool from one of the worldsıbleedingtell me about
C.16.
The most important task in the pre-treatment of woolen productsşlem yıkamadır.
wool fiberı, do itısılarge amount of foreignı contained substanceğfrom and this strangerı materials for obtaining yarnırasırelax inıit was devastatingğmade of flourımay not beır.
S.17. Pre-Treatment Applied to Woolen Products BusinessCarbonization of woolen products tell me?
C.17.
In dirty wool fibers afiedrlıclearının 5-40'ı herbal artıthere is a clearır.
Pıtrack, thorn, grass, leaf and forage artıclearı herbal sources such ası one of the itemsısmı over the dirty woolıdodge awayştırılır.
But pıDoes it adhere well to fibers such as trak, thorn, etc.?ş substances yıwedge and even mechanicalşget away even with lemsştırıit doesn't.
In these cases, chemical methods are used to make use of the herbal residues in the wool.ıclearı get awayştıdo it forıthe chemical iş“carbonization” (with coal)şcalled trimming). carbonization işbasis of the worldını, product with inorganic acids or ısıtılıAt high temperatures with salts with very acidic propertiesşhave a visionşturns.
S.18. Pre-Treatment Applied to Woolen Products BusinessBleaching of woolen products tell me?
C.18.
Ağthe increase (whitening) was in cotton in the wool sectorğso important and sık an appliedşin the worldğyear.
A large part of the wool consumed in the worldısmı dark and dull dyed in colorbusiness make your productsımıuse inıldLIGHTfrom, ağArticleılmasıthere is no need.
Whitening more white knitwear, openıthe sand to be dyed in k tonesş and bass with knitwearıLacquer is required for woolen products.
In these cases, the woolğtake it wrapımtırak color comfortableıas long asğone from ağincrease işIt would be beneficial to remove it withır.
S.19. Pre-Treatment Applied to Woolen Products BusinessWhat does it mean to rest the woolen products? tell me?
C.19.
The basis of listeningıfelting of wool fibersşme specialğtake advantage of yourıto the sand n appearance and attitudeğişis to knit.
Sand as a result of listeningşthey are aloneız felt more or lessşmiş make a surfaceısı not just to win.
Aynurı time weaving techniqueğpossible to obtainız degree sıkıla r.
As a result, the sandşhomeıhang on allıDo you haveıThere was an increase inğu like the wind and the diğsoonerbusiness against the factors protection andısıyla sıheat retention featureği also increases.
S.20. İmany fibers ağArticleılmasCan you tell about it?
C.20.
Happened in wool fibersğlike u, silk fibers ağArticleılması reducing or oxidizing make it with substancesıIt can be used.
But generally take away the seriesştırılmbusiness fibers are sufficiently whitespindlehas a they areıfrom toğuse as whiteıthey won't or openık-tone, livelyı in the nuances if they are not painted ağArticleılmasıthere is no need.
İPeking fibers are reducing or oxidizing with substances ağArticleılır.
Q.21. Raw silk yarn has a hard, dull and hydrophobic character due to which substance?
C.21.due to the seriesı It has a hard, matte and hydrophobic character.
Q.22. Tell us about boiling the cocoon in silk fiber?
C.22.
Fiber ends from cocoonsınıCocoons to be found and drawnınsıwith hot water and steamşshould see that thisşlemme "pişirme” or “boiling cocoon”ı It is given.
The purpose of boiling the cocoon; sericin k in the fibersısmını Yumuşthrow and it sıcocoons on the groundın filling with waterını sağlactatingır.
P.23. Explain how sericin is removed from silk fiber?
C.23.
By bringing together the silk threads drawn from the cocoons as continuous fibers and slaughterı Silk threads obtained by twisting are called “raw silk” or “gege”.
Raw silk around fibroin in its fibersını you're encircling the ropeğe gives a matte look and a crispy handle.
Bu Therefore, remove sericin on raw silk fibers.ştırma işapply the ruleır.
You're cool, go awayştırma işLemi usually sıeat hotşdo it with a soap solutionılır.
S.24. Pre-Treatment Applied to Synthetic Products BusinessWhat are their terms, write them in articles?
C.24.
Yıwedge-
Thermofixing (Isıl Fixation)-
Whitening-
S.25. Pretreatment applied to Synthetic Products BusinessWhat is the meaning of washing from the limbs, tell me?
C.25.
On synthetic products; fiber eği don'tşpreparation substance from the machine orğhomeı, theşmarking paintsı, be in storageşIt contains impurities that impair the clean appearance of the product, such as impurities.
These substances are used in dyeing andği decencyşto cause problems in theirfieda front fromıwedge işdo the trickıokıdır.
S.26. Pretreatment applied to Synthetic Products BusinessThermofixing (Isıl Fixation) means, tell me?
C.26.
Thermofixing (Isıl Fixation)
Synthetic materials generally have good dimensional stability.ğblastı for heat setting işis subjected to.
Use one of the techniques of heat-fixing, steam-fixing, or hydro-fixing.ıas ağlanır.
this işno shrinkage with lemğblastı yanıpolyester fiberın pilling hazard, polyacrylonitrile fiberın da kırıget a scarşreduce the risk ofır.
S.27. Pretreatment applied to Synthetic Products BusinessWhat does whitening mean, tell me?
C.27.
Polyamide and polyester fibers became clean and white fibers.ımore thanğwith flourğno need to increase.
Ancak heatyellowing with k effect, ağArticleıless in lan fibersğa for uğincreaseıIt can be used.
Polyacrylonitrile fibers are different from polyester and polyamide.ı wrap asılık shows.
So use it as whiteılukewarm or hungryıof the polyacrylonitrile material to be dyedğArticleılması is required.
S.28. Bleaching Cotton Productsın Purposewhat is i?
C.28.
Wrapping of raw cotton productsımtıa to remove the rack colorğArticleılması must.
Especially to be painted or bassıclay sandşopen tooıuse k colorsıif ağincrease a lot do wellıokıdır, otherwise the desired openık colors could not be obtainedği like painting or printingıda bright, livelyı colors are not available.
Available in whiteıin cotton materials ağincrease is indispensableşworld.
this işlemle cotton product hydrophilicği also artırılmbusiness It happens.
S.29. What are the Methods of Bleaching Cotton Products?
C.29.
AğArticleıcıeven the color in the fiberşthey react (reduced or Oxidized) with theirı makes it clean.
of cotton productsğArticleılması mainly with substances that have an oxidative (oxidative) effect.ılır.
The most important cottonğboosters şflourdır:
A- H2O2 and Na2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide and sodium peroxide)
B- NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite)
C- NaClO2 (sodium chloride)
Hydrogen peroxide is the most common on the market for cotton products.ıuse as nıfuck youğis an additive. Hydrogen peroxide is bothğuk as wellıbut use in methodsıIt can be used.
AğDo not increase with acidic or basic solutions.ıalbeit with peroxidesğincrease, usually at pH 10-12 in basic media and at boiling pointıtemperatureLIGHTdo it atılır. Ağafter increaseı use anti-peroxide enzymesıRemove the remaining H2O2 in the bath and on the product.ştırılır.
S.30. Hydrogen peroxide İthe AğWhat are the Substances found in the increasing Flotte, please explain?
C.30.
Combination of cotton products with hydrogen peroxideğArticleılmasıat aşafieduse chemicals inılır;
A-Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): Ambientın be basicını sağs and ağhelp increaseımcı It is possible. separateıstay on ca productbusiness the one orğmaterials such as wax, pectin and sandş so-called kırılmbusiness remove the cotton seedsştırılır.
B-soakıcı: sand n easier and hızlI Islantını sağs.
C-Stabilizer: Decomposition of H2O2ını reducing chemicals. Because the breakdown of H2O2ı fiberıendure the damageımının duşcauses the mash.
D-Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2):AğIt is an oxidizing agent that acts as a builder.
E-Antiperoxide: Ağafter increaseı It provides the removal of H2O2 in the bath and on the product.ğs.
S.31. Explain the fastness of acid dyestuffs?
C.31.
Acid dyestuffs are dyestuffs with vivid and bright colors that ensure smooth and even dyeing of wool.
Light fastness is good, washing fastness is not good in some types, sweat fastness is low. Dry cleaning fastness is very bad
Acid dyestuffs that dye in a strongly acidic environment have low wet fastnesses and moderate light fastnesses.
Acid dink or acid super dink dyestuffs, which dye in weakly acidic or neutral environments, are the dyestuffs with the highest wet fastnesses.
The wet fastnesses of acid dyestuffs that dye in moderately acidic medium are not as low as acid dyes.
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