Textile Latin ''textile'' has passed into our language. Previously in Turkish ''clothes'' meaning of the word is a 'formed surface'.
Textile technology includes yarn production, weaving production, knitting and nonwoven surface production, dyeing-printing and finishing processes, and the last stage, ready-made garment production.
All these operations change according to market demands and intended use, and production is planned with the aim of realizing these demands.
Wide variety of fabrics such as garments, home textiles, floor coverings, industrial felts and cloths are produced by weaving, knitting or non-woven (needling, felting, etc. methods).
The properties of the fibers in the fabric and the properties of the threads consisting of these fibers form the quality of the fabric. Threads combined with weaving form a thin, flexible and solid surface. This surface must be of constant thickness, thin, flexible and strong. ''Material'' The threads in the surfaces named after them consist of two thread groups, the warp and weft threads. Geometrically it is a fabric covering surface, mechanically it is an elastic material. Different weaves are needed to provide some properties in the fabric. In addition to the three main weaves, plain, twill and satin, there are numerous types of weaves derived from them.
In any weaving machine, in addition to the mechanisms that perform five basic movements such as forming the shed, inserting the weft, tamping, pulling the woven fabric and releasing the corresponding warp, there are also mechanisms that stop the machine in weft and warp breaks, selection of weft colors and safety mechanisms. .
Today, although weaving machines have very high speeds, different mechanisms and different systems, the processes for creating the desired fabric are the same in all of them. Woven fabrics are complex in nature. In order to explain the structural properties of woven fabrics and the reactions that occur during the use of the fabric, the cross-sectional geometries of the fabrics should be determined by numerical parameters. For this reason, various fabric geometries have been put forward by researchers. In this regard, Pierce, Kemp and most recently Hamilton have developed models of various geometries.
The most important factors in determining the geometric structure of the fabric are the number, density and weave of the warp and weft yarns.
Only then, the geometric structure of the designed fabric becomes definite and the parameters here are determined. The very important factor of frequency comes into play here.
The first frequency theory was developed by Ashenhurst in 1890. Advancing his studies over time, Ashenhurst later changed his theory.
Armitage developed the theory in 1907, and Law developed different formulas in 1922, adhering to Ashenhurst's theory.
In 1931, Brierley developed a different formula, and these studies were followed by Von Bergen's studies in 1969.
In 1952, Brierley published more extensive and detailed studies. Researchers such as Wiechmann, Satlow, Snowden, Suteliffe also developed theories on frequency, but these were not found very useful.
Fabric performance, which can be defined as the degree of suitability for the purpose of use and customer requests, has many features such as strength, handle, dimensional stability, pilling and comfort properties.
Fabric performance is affected by fiber and yarn properties, fabric structure and many finishing processes..
There are many test methods that can determine fabric performance numerically. Fabric structure, which is among the parameters affecting fabric performance, consists of many factors. These are raw material, yarn type, yarn twist, knitting structure, weaving machine, finishing processes, purpose of use etc. The raw material affects the basic properties of the fabric, especially durability and touch, permeability and protection properties. The economic feature of the fabric also largely depends on the raw material. When the yarn types are examined, the amount of air spaces between the fibers changes due to the different properties of the yarns created in different production systems. This creates a difference in diameter, so fabric construction calculations change. In general, the twist should be able to provide sufficient strength against the tension forces that the yarn will undergo during fabric formation.
Therefore, you can visit our Twisting affects the strength, touch, appearance and economy of the fabric.
The warp tension caused by the pull-release systems and the working speed of the weaving machine and the shed condition at the moment when the stencil compresses the weft also have important effects on the fabric structure.
Finishing processes are processes that start with cleaning the raw fabric, which contains some substances that provide strength and elasticity during production, and cover many stages, up to coloring and some special touch processes.
Some of these processes are important in fabric sizes. Others stabilize the fabric. Especially considering these changes, the constructions should be determined.
The weave structure and variety, which has an effect on almost all the properties of the fabric, primarily its durability, touch and especially appearance, is a fundamental factor.
In the textile industry, which is in great and global competition, every production unit now prepares a collection and presents it to its customers. While preparing the collection, various weaves are used on a fabric type. These fabrics, which are woven with these new texture types created by adhering to the main weave of the fabric type, sometimes deviate from the performance of the fabric woven with the main weave. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to choose and use these derivative weaves very carefully.
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