Textile, which has to be based on social sciences such as economics, marketing, production management and planning, as well as natural sciences such as mathematics, chemistry, physics and biology;
The first material (fibre), yarn covers a very wide area such as weaving, knitting, printing, finishing, ready-made clothing (confection) and non-woven surfaces, each of which requires a different technology.
The raw materials, semi-finished products, products of each of these and the parts and spare parts of the machines used in their production and the stocking of all of them (export and import) are carried out with road, rail, sea and air logistics services.
The raw material of the yarn is fiber and it is obtained naturally (from plants, animals and mines) or chemically (artificial regenerated and synthetic).
The seed of the cotton plant, which is a vegetable fiber, and the cotton fiber obtained by harvesting the cotton grown in the field, after being cleaned with the ginning machines in the ginning factories, baled and stocked to be sent to the spinning mills, and the supply of spare parts and other equipment of these machines, shipment of personnel, domestic and international (customs procedures). including), their accounting works and transactions and their shipment are realized through logistics services.
Among the most important factors that should not be forgotten and ignored, the quality of logistics services in all areas increases the competitiveness of businesses and factories. Because competition is a race in which companies that produce the same good enter to sell their goods.
Firms, businesses and factories that do not make quality production and do not or cannot provide quality logistics services suffer losses, which means that they cannot survive in the market.
In particular, any textile product to be exported abroad is subjected to various quality tests by the staff of quality control companies that provide independent service outside the factory in the factory or business where it is produced, and if there is compliance, the product can be exported certificate.After that, works and transactions related to transportation (road, rail, sea and air) including customs procedures are carried out. Here, the quality certificate of the product, the means of transportation and the date of delivery are among the very important issues. Because a contract has been signed with the customer (such as a person, factory, store) who will buy the goods.
In the contract, there are issues such as how many dollars or Euros the quantity, piece, ball or kilogram of the product will be, how the product's features should be, when it will be delivered, when the payment will be made.
In case of contradiction to the provisions of this contract, the parties are obliged to give financial compensation to each other, which is the loss of the enterprise or factory or the loss of the customer.
Because, countries have come very close to each other thanks to the means of transportation. Every country has to look for markets in the countries of the world in order to sell their goods so that they reach high economic values. In this way, it will increase the national income of the people living in their countries. In this way, he can reach the highest levels in many areas, including defense. In this respect, the textile product to be sold should be of high quality, cheaper than its peers, and the logistics services should be of very high quality.
Let's take the weaving factory, which is a sub-branch of a textile field; Let's explain every process that contributes to production in this fabric weaving factory.
In this factory, all stages of logistics services are carried out for the purchase, stocking and transportation of the yarn, which is the raw material of the fabric, according to the characteristics of the fabric to be woven. Even a yarn to be purchased has a certain amount of moisture in the trade.
For example, the moisture content of cotton yarn in trade is around 8,5%.
The fact that the amount of moisture in the yarn to be purchased is less or more reduces the quality of the yarn in the warping machine, drawing-in machine and weaving.
The woven fabric to be handmade will not be of the desired quality.
This is the purchasing service of logistics.
The area where the purchased yarn will be stocked in the factory must be in conditions and in order not to impair the properties of the yarn (conditioning conditions).
Otherwise, the yarn bobbins will be deformed. There will be yarn loss, like the yarn gets damp.
This is the area of logistics related to storage and stock.
In order to make woven fabric from the purchased yarn, the warp is prepared in the warp machine according to the characteristics of the fabric (such as fabric width, the total number of warp wires according to the type and number of the yarn to be used, the warp color report, the type and number of the weft yarn and the weft color report, the pattern of the fabric).
The fabric is woven in the weaving machine after the processes such as drawing-in processes, threading the warp threads through the reed teeth, according to the fabric pattern, that is, the weave report.
Preparation of documents related to the purchase of machine spare parts, accounting procedures (customs procedures if imported from abroad)Business and transactions related to transportation servicesIt takes place within the framework of logistics services.After the woven fabric, raw quality control processes (the carpets on the fabric are observed and those that can be repaired are repaired), pre-treatment, printing, dyeing and finishing processes are carried out to be transported to a related factory with dye-finishing vehicles.
In particular, the fabrics to be exported abroad are checked by the engineers of independent companies to determine whether there are quality factors, that is, the features that should be found in the product. If the product, that is, the woven fabric, has the desired properties, shipment approval is given.
After the work and transactions (such as accounting transactions, product exit documents) that need to be done in the factory, customs procedures are carried out and shipped abroad by means of transportation.
LOGISTICS PRINCIPLES
standardization
It is important that the logistics services used in the supported systems are standard. Standardization should be ensured in materials, services and procedures. It is important to use international standards in logistics-related applications. Standardization of basic logistics elements such as railways, containers, handling equipment, information technology is important for logistics actors in the globalization process. Being able to work together, be able to be used and managed should be the minimum targets for standardization. Being economical: As expressed in economics, resources are scarce and needs are endless. The principle of economy is to provide logistics support in a cost-effective manner with minimal costs. Since resources are insufficient to meet all needs, the economy factor should be considered in terms of both cost and time in allocating resources and determining priorities.
Sufficiency:
Failure to provide adequate support is of vital importance for logistics operations. Certain rates should be achieved at the adequacy level of logistics resources. The principle of adequacy should be based on sustainability and affordability rather than excess stock.
Elasticity:
Logistics organization and procedures should be in a structure that can adapt to changing situations, tasks, concepts and concepts.
Simplicity:
Instead of complex formations, simplicity should be taken as a basis in all areas of logistics, both in planning and execution. Simplicity increases efficiency. As a result of ensuring simplicity, effective use of resources is ensured.
Traceability:
Real-time monitoring of all operations in the most realistic way in terms of quantity, status, time and place with the use of information technology with electronic means; It is necessary to resolve problems early or at the earliest level.
Coordination:
Ensuring the effectiveness of logistic support depends on coordination. Coordination must be ensured between logistics planners, performers and customers.
Planning:
The aim in logistics is to plan the process in advance and to make process improvement by determining the difference between the plan and the actual implementation.
